PSY141

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body.

Question 2

Mills 5 methods?

Answer 2

Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of residue
Method of concomitant variation.

Question 3

Explain Mills Method of agreement

Answer 3

If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree, is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon.

Question 4

Explain Mills Method of difference

Answer 4

If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance in common save one, that one occurring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ, is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.

Question 5

Explain Joint method of agreement and difference.

Answer 5

If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances differ, is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon. The simplest and most obvious modes of singling out from among the circumstances which precede or follow a phenomenon, those with which it is really connected by an invariable law, are two in number.

Question 6

Explain Method of residue

Answer 6

Subduct from any phenomenon such part as is known by previous inductions to be the effect of certain antecedents, and the residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents.

Question 7

Explain method of concomitant variations

Answer 7

Whatever phenomenon varies in any manner whenever another phenomenon varies in some particular manner, is either a cause or an effect of that phenomenon, or is connected with it through some fact of causation.

Question 8

What are the two schools of thought in statistics.

Answer 8

Frequentist

Baynesian

Question 9

Test of Significance

Answer 9

A test of significance is a formal procedure for comparing observed data with a claim (also called a hypothesis), the truth of which is being assessed. • The claim is a statement about a parameter, like the population proportion p or the population mean µ.

Question 10

Null hypothesis

Answer 10

In inferential statistics, the null hypothesis is a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena or no association among groups.
She did not know the difference in the teas.

Question 11

P value

Answer 11

The level of statistical significance is often expressed as a p-value between 0 and 1. The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence that you should reject the null hypothesis. (The further away the sample mean is away from the mean of the control group is, the more significant the difference, which in turn means the null hypothesis is not proven.) Less than 0.05 means the null hypothesis is proven to be wrong.

Question 12

Correlation co-efficient

Answer 12

A value of between -1 and 1. Used to determine a correlation between two variables. A value of 0 means no correlation. A value of 1 is a perfect correlation. A value of -1 is a negative correlation. The closer the regression line is to 45, the stronger the correlation.