psy1102 midterm2

Question 1

The Five-Factor Model: The Big Five Personality Factors

Answer 1

The FFM provides a theoretical framework for the purpose of analyzing and classifying terms used by individuals to describe their own personality and the personality of others. Based on the use of factor analysis, the five factors in the FFM include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, or OCEAN, to help you remember them

Question 2

Eysenck’s Trait Theory: The Three-Factor Theory

Answer 2

A theory of personality that consists of three trait dimensions: extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/emotional stability, and psychoticism/impulse control. Each trait dimension has associated personality characteristics and specific biological components

Question 3

neuroticism

Answer 3

includes the tendency to be touchy, restless, moody, and anxious.

Question 4

psychoticism

Answer 4

includes the tendency to be impulsive, cold, aggressive, unconcerned about the rights and welfare of others, and antisocial.

Question 5

chp13

Answer 5

starting chp13

Question 6

Attributions?

Answer 6

The explanation we offer as to why a behaviour occurred.

Question 7

Situational Attributions?

Answer 7

When behaviour is caused by something outside the person we observe, i.e. their situation

Question 8

Dispositional attributions?

Answer 8

When It is something within the person we observe,
i.e. their personality

Question 9

Interaction Attributions

Answer 9

Personality and situation can interact with one another. We can use that interaction as an explanation.

Question 10

The fundamental attribution error?

Answer 10

When we are explaining the behaviours of other people, particularly the people we do not know, we tend to disregard the situation and make dispositional
internal attributions.

Question 11

Impression formation

Answer 11

The process by which a person formulates either positive or negative opinions and feelings about another person or group.

Question 12

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 12

Our own beliefs, expectations and assumptions may become a reality.
Three steps:
1) We believe something.
2) We behave in line with that belief
3) Because of our behaviour, our belief may become a reality

Question 13

social norms

Answer 13

Prescribed behaviors that vary across context, culture, and time.

Question 14

conformity

Answer 14

is the extent to which individuals modify their behavior to be consistent with the behavior of others in the group.

Question 15

obedience to authority

Answer 15

When people perceived as authority figures are capable of getting high levels of cooperation in tasks designed to directly harm others or cause severe pain in another without the use of coercion.

Question 16

social roles

Answer 16

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Question 17

bystander effect

Answer 17

A person in need is less likely to receive help as the number of people who are present increases.

Question 18

stereotypes

Answer 18

are attitudes and opinions about people based on the group they are affiliated with.

Question 19

prejudice

Answer 19

Learned, negative attitudes or opinions that a person has towards certain groups.

Question 20

discrimination

Answer 20

behaviors directed at groups towards which one holds negative and prejudicial beliefs.

Question 21

interpersonal attraction

Answer 21

The study of the attraction between people which leads to the development of platonic or romantic relationships

Question 22

what is psychological disorder

Answer 22

an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behaviour that causes significant distress and that is considered deviant in that person’s culture or society.

Question 23

labels

Answer 23

the theory of how your identity and behavior is influenced by the terms (labels) you use to describe or classify yourself.