psy1102 midterm2 Flashcards
The Five-Factor Model: The Big Five Personality Factors
The FFM provides a theoretical framework for the purpose of analyzing and classifying terms used by individuals to describe their own personality and the personality of others. Based on the use of factor analysis, the five factors in the FFM include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, or OCEAN, to help you remember them
Eysenck’s Trait Theory: The Three-Factor Theory
A theory of personality that consists of three trait dimensions: extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/emotional stability, and psychoticism/impulse control. Each trait dimension has associated personality characteristics and specific biological components
neuroticism
includes the tendency to be touchy, restless, moody, and anxious.
psychoticism
includes the tendency to be impulsive, cold, aggressive, unconcerned about the rights and welfare of others, and antisocial.
chp13
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Attributions?
The explanation we offer as to why a behaviour occurred.
Situational Attributions?
When behaviour is caused by something outside the person we observe, i.e. their situation
Dispositional attributions?
When It is something within the person we observe,
i.e. their personality
Interaction Attributions
Personality and situation can interact with one another. We can use that interaction as an explanation.
The fundamental attribution error?
When we are explaining the behaviours of other people, particularly the people we do not know, we tend to disregard the situation and make dispositional
internal attributions.
Impression formation
The process by which a person formulates either positive or negative opinions and feelings about another person or group.
self fulfilling prophecy
Our own beliefs, expectations and assumptions may become a reality.
Three steps:
1) We believe something.
2) We behave in line with that belief
3) Because of our behaviour, our belief may become a reality
social norms
Prescribed behaviors that vary across context, culture, and time.
conformity
is the extent to which individuals modify their behavior to be consistent with the behavior of others in the group.
obedience to authority
When people perceived as authority figures are capable of getting high levels of cooperation in tasks designed to directly harm others or cause severe pain in another without the use of coercion.
social roles
a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
bystander effect
A person in need is less likely to receive help as the number of people who are present increases.
stereotypes
are attitudes and opinions about people based on the group they are affiliated with.
prejudice
Learned, negative attitudes or opinions that a person has towards certain groups.
discrimination
behaviors directed at groups towards which one holds negative and prejudicial beliefs.
interpersonal attraction
The study of the attraction between people which leads to the development of platonic or romantic relationships
what is psychological disorder
an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behaviour that causes significant distress and that is considered deviant in that person’s culture or society.
labels
the theory of how your identity and behavior is influenced by the terms (labels) you use to describe or classify yourself.
