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Psychology 101 > psy test 2 > Flashcards

psy test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation with perception

A

the activationof receptiors in response to environmental stimuli

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2
Q

perception

A

the mental process of interpruting the senses

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3
Q

sensory recpetors

A

specialized cells unique to every sense organ respond to different stimuli

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4
Q

transduction

A

how physical stimuli gets translated into a psychological experience

conversention of stimuli into a form the brain can understand

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5
Q

threshold

A

the amout of stimulous that is needed for the recptor cell is to be activated

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6
Q

absolute threshold

A

the smallest possible stimulous strenght that can be dected half the time

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7
Q

subliminal perceeption

A

dection of stimulous below the level of consciousness

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8
Q

mere exposure effect

A

repeasted exposure to a stimulous increases people liking of that stimulous

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9
Q

sensory adaptation

A

reduces sensativity to a stimulous due to the repatition of sensing it

you sease to notice afer you have been around it fro a long period of time

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10
Q

weber’s law

A

your likely to notice a durastic change rather then a large change

K= constant 
tringale= change in stimuli
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11
Q

vision

A

visual receptors cells recieve wave length of different lengths

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12
Q

wave lenght

A

distance from peak to peak

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13
Q

nonometer

A

1x10 to the power of negative 9

we can only see wight light

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14
Q

amplitude

A

the intensitity of a stimuli

measured by peak to trough of a wave lengtrh

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15
Q

radioent light

A

is visiable energy that is amitted from a object

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16
Q

reflection light

A

light that is reflected by objects

not a light

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17
Q

cornea

A

clear membrane that covers thw eye

gathers and directs incoming light

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18
Q

iris

A

colored part of your eye
also a muscle
expands and contracts due to the amount of light

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19
Q

pupil

A

the black part of your eye

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20
Q

lens

A

transperant structure behind the pupil

focuses or bend the light that enters the eye

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21
Q

optic nerve

A

back of the eye

carries visual receptor from the eye to the brain

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22
Q

color vision

A

colors reflect light

the perpetual experience of different wave length of light

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23
Q

hue

A

the length of the wave length

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24
Q

red

A

200 nanometers

longer wave length

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25
Q

violet

A

400 nanometers

shorter wave length

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26
Q

saturation

A

the puritiy or trueness of a color

made of fewer colors the purer the saturation

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27
Q

brightness

A

is the intensity of a color

measured in amplitude

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28
Q

retina

A

the light sensatitve membrane at the back of the eye
sensory receptors located here
more rods then cones

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29
Q

cones

A

receptors that detect color

visual accuate sharpness of detail

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30
Q

rods

A

receptive to loght not color
more rods then cones in retina
responsable for night vision and peripherial vision

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31
Q

trichomatic theroy

A

three types of color

red, green, blue

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32
Q

opponent process theory

A

colors are exlained in pairs

red-green blue-yellow

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33
Q

after image

A

after you stop looking at a stimulous it will still appear

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34
Q

monochromatic

A

complete lack of color matt

colorblindness

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35
Q

dichromatic

A

lack a cone

can only see two color coen

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36
Q

pharomones

A

chemical signal

can only be sensed by member of the same spiecies

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37
Q

skin

A

giant sense organ

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38
Q

nociceptors

A

receptors for pain

not limited to just the skin

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39
Q

cataneous senses

A

skin recpetors specifically on your skin

pressure and pain

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40
Q

gate control theory of pain

A

pain is not only a product of psychical factors but also a product of psychological factors

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41
Q

kinetic sense

A

sense of location and position of ur body parts

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42
Q

proprioceptors

A

sensory receptors in muslces and joints feedback aboutt bosy movement and location

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43
Q

vistibular sense

A

equalibrum sense of balance
in out inner ear
vision is involved

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44
Q

bottum up processing

A

starting with a basis element parts of something to create a whole
at work when we are confronted with ambiguous stimuli

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45
Q

top down processing

A

the whole is recognized before the sum of all parts

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46
Q

hemholzs unconscious infewrence

A

we have assumptions that fill in poerceptions thats not present in teh actual stimulous

what we remember about a stimuli could be different then how it acually happened due to expectations

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47
Q

gestalt psychology

A

sensatuionbs are processed according to constant meaningful rules that result in a perception whole

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48
Q

figure ground

A

ground is not the main of a picture

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49
Q

figure

A

is the main focus of a picture

50
Q

depth perception

A

in the use of visual ques to perceive distance

or percieve the 3 deminsional charcteristics of objects

51
Q

monocular cues

A

relative size and linear perspectitive

52
Q

binocular cues

A

depth and perception

53
Q

perceptual constancy

A

the tendency to percieve objects as constatsbnn despiter chjanges in the sensory perception

54
Q

shape constancy

A

is percieving something as being the same shape but the retina see it differently

55
Q

size constancy

A

the knowledge that something keeps it’ size even if the size changes in tihe retina

56
Q

perceptual illusion

A

miis interperation of the true characteristics on an object or image

57
Q

moon illusion

A

size constancy illusion

moon looks bigger and it peak rather then the horizon due to its surroundings.

58
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of consciousness

anything around us and anything we think

59
Q

daydream

A

is apart of your unconsciousness
often happens without oour complete concsiousness
semi-consciousness
theta waves

60
Q

attention

A

the ability to selectively pay attention to our focus on a particular stimuli

61
Q

multitasking

A

the ability to pay attenting to one or more things

task whitching from right to left hemisphere

62
Q

inattentional blindness

A

happens when ytou are multitasking failure to notice an obvious stimuli

63
Q

sleep major topic

A

different rythms

64
Q

circudian rythms

A

natural ciclitic daily changes in our sleep and wake cycles

65
Q

natural clock

A

humans have a natural clock of 24.2 hours

sleep depervation can cause illness

66
Q

hypnogogic hallucinations

A

vivid sensory images that occur when your falling asleep

67
Q

beta waves

A

fastest wave

haoppens in concintration

68
Q

alpha waves

A

sedcond fastest

just alert

69
Q

theta waves

A

day dreaming hypogogic hallucination

70
Q

non-REM

A

quite dreamless sleep 1st hour of sleep

1st minute in theta waves

71
Q

4 stages of rem sleep

A

stage 1
when we first fall asleep
stage 2
sleep spindals and hicomplex high voltage spikes in the brain
stages 3 and 4
slow wave sleep delta waves most restful state spent the mpst time in these stages very hard to wake some one

72
Q

REM

A 
restless eye movement 
when we dream 
intnese brain activity 
muscles are inhibited except for a few small things (figers and muscles)
vewry physical insleep 
30% spent in REM sleep
73
Q

sleep cycles

A

5 to 6 transfering from non-rem to rem

cycles about 30 minutes

74
Q

REM rebound

A

an increase of sleep spent in rem after being deprived of REM sleep

75
Q

lucid dreaming

A

control of your dreams

can help with PTSD occurs with gamma waves

76
Q

gamma waves

A

super fast faster then beta waves

lucid dreaming

77
Q

dreams

A

series of images emotional perception that we believe to be real during sleep

78
Q

frued

A

dreams are the royal road to the unconsciousness

79
Q

manifest content

A

the part that you remeber and tell a friend

80
Q

latent content

A

under lyign or unconscious meanign

dreams are wishfull fillment or we dream about things that scare us

81
Q

neurocognitive

A

focus on the continutity about dreams and the real world happening with out stimuliq

82
Q

memory consolidation

A

putting ideas together when you ar awake
same mental process is happenign when we sleep
may take up to 48hrs

83
Q

activation systhesis

A

dreams come from our brain trying to explain random stuff

brain makes sense of random things

84
Q

functions of sleep ( Health )

A

throwing off sleep cycles throws our body off

muscle rebuild and repair your tiisue

85
Q

function of sleep (cancer)

A

tumors grow faster when people are sleep deprived

night shift women better chance of breast cancer

86
Q

functions of sleep ( emotion )

A

you will be easily irretable when sleep deprived

iuncrease emotional reactivity

87
Q

functiuons of sleep (memory)

A

you need sleep to access you memory or learn

88
Q

sleep disorders

A

dysomnia
parasomnias
narcolepsy
OSA (obsturctive sleep abnia

89
Q

dysomnia

A

disruption in the amout of sleep

90
Q

narcolepsy

A

brief uncontrolable episodes of day sleeping

91
Q

cata plex

A

sudden lose of voluntary motor control

92
Q

OSA Obstructive sleep abnia

A

some one stops breathing while they are sleeping
deprives your brain of oxygen for 10 seconds
could cause heart attack in elderly people

93
Q

parasomnias

A

sleep walking

unwanted arousal or activation during sleep

94
Q

sleep walking

A

mostly in kis 4% of adults sleep walk
3rd or 4th stage of sleep SLOW waves
non-REM
usually due to stress

95
Q

night tares

A

vivid frightengni dreams

mostly in children

96
Q

night terrors

A

alot of scary dreanmsd

usually in non-REM

97
Q

hypnosis

A

will not do things agianst your will

theta waves

98
Q

post hypnotic suggestion

A

specific instruction the person is told to do

hear a bell bark like a dog

99
Q

dissociation

A

consciousness gets split in two

you are aware but part of your self is not aware

100
Q

meditation

A

a sustained concentration technique
beta waves
lowers blood pressure more relaxed but not sleepy

101
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

any chemical substance that can alter our mood, perception or mental state

102
Q

common effect

A

physical dependents and with drawl

103
Q

physical dependents

A

biologically adataped to a drug

104
Q

withdrawl

A

unpleasent side effects

if you are taking a sleep aid you may become insomniac

105
Q

tolerance

A

you need more of a drug to feel the effect

106
Q

drug rebound

A

withdrawl symptoms are the opposite of the drugs effects

107
Q

abuse

A

reccurent use that leads to an interference in your life

108
Q

depressent

A

slows down your CNS
decreases your sensativity to a stimuli (liquid bklanket)
cognitiion dampened can think right

109
Q

alochol

A

can feel pain
initially energized
alcohol+coffee does not sober you up

110
Q

benzodiapines

A

traquilizers
anxiety reducing
muscle relaxants

111
Q

barpiturates

A

easy to over dose
no perscribed easily
yoused to put animals down
has skull and cross bones opn bottle plus it is bright pink

112
Q

opiates

A

pain relievers
herion and morphine highley addictive
mimic your brians indorphines

113
Q

stimulants

A

increase you CNS
supress your appiate
elevate your heart rate

114
Q

caffiene

A

coffee, tea, or tons of chocolate
does not deliever energy uses what your body already has
most widely used psycho active drug in the U.S.

115
Q

nicotine

A

stimulant found in tobacco

highly adictative

116
Q

amphetamines

A

supress you appiate
treat narcolepsy and ADHD
high dose can stop blood presure and cause hemorgine

117
Q

cocaine

A

made from the coco leaves

highly addictive

118
Q

psychadelics

A

science does not know as much as they would like

can cause hallucination

119
Q

MMDA

A

extacy
patented in 1912
produces a euphoric feeling
releases syertonin

120
Q

peyote and mesclin

A

religiou suse among native american

121
Q

disociative anesthetics

A

ketamine
produce dissociatioin
does not produce paign relief

Psychology 101 (2 decks)

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