Psy. Chapter 5

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

a permanent change in behavior, knowledge, capability, or attitude. Acquired through experience not illness or memory.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

A type of learning where an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another

Question 3

Stimulus

Answer 3

Anything in your environment that causes an organisms to respond.

Question 4

Pavlovian Conditioning

Answer 4

Also known as classical conditioning.

Question 5

Respondent Conditioning

Answer 5

Also know as classical conditioning

Question 6

Unconditioned Response

UR

Answer 6

A response that happens without prior learning. Salvation, blinking, startling.

Question 7

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 7

Something that causes a unconditioned response without prior learning. ex. food, found noise, and dust.

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 8

a neutral stimulus like a bell that is repeated and paired with a unconditioned stimulus like food becomes connected with a conditioned response.

Question 9

Conditioned Response

Answer 9

Learned response that happens when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a unconditioned stimulus. Ex. when the bell and food are paired which makes the dog salivate

Question 10

Higher-Order Conditioning

Answer 10

Conditioning that happens when stimuli are joined together to form signals in a chain of events Ex. sitting in the doctor’s office, getting the needle ready, tapping your arm, and having the needle go into your arm.

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

The weakening and disappearance of a condition response as a result of repeated presentation of condition stimulus without a unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 12

The reappearance of a extinguished conditioned response when an organism is exposed to a conditioned stimulus.

Question 13

Generalization

Answer 13

Making the conditioned response to a stimulus similar to the original conditioned
stimulus.

Question 14

Discrimination

Answer 14

A learned ability to decipher between similar stimuli. The conditioned response only occurs in response to the original conditioned stimulus, not to similar stimuli.

Question 15

Neutral stimulus

Answer 15

Presented shortly before an unconditioned response. Ex. food.
Naturally elicits an unconditioned response. Ex. salvation.
After repeated pairings , the conditioned
stimulus causes the conditioned response.

Question 16

Baby Albert

Answer 16

Was classical conditioned to fear furry animals because everytime he saw one he was conditioned to hear a sound noise which would scare him.

Question 17

Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

Changing a behavior either positive or negative.

Question 18

Operant

Answer 18

A voluntary behavior that accidentally brings about a consequence

Question 19

Postive Reinforcement

Answer 19

When something good happens to encourage a behavior to continue.

Question 20

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 20

Doing something pleasant to take something unpleasant go away.

Question 21

Reinforcement

Answer 21

Rewarding good behavior or doing something pleasant to take the unpleasant thing away.

Question 22

Shaping

Answer 22

Rewording behavior in small steps until you reach your desired response.

Question 23

Punishment

Answer 23

Opposite of reinforcement. Taking something pleasant away or adding something unpleasant. Ex. Taking away your cell phone or making you do the dishes which you really hate.

Question 24

Disadvantages of punishment

Answer 24

It is not changing the behavior. If you take away the punishment the behavior will come back. Serve punishment can lead to aggression and to the child become a bully.

Question 25

Avoidance learning

Answer 25

You don’t want to be involved in the situation. Ex. Procrastination is a form of avoidance behavior.

Question 26

Learned Helplessness

Answer 26

Being conditioned to be passive, or helpless in a bad situation.

Question 27

Cognitive Learning

Answer 27

Remembering and forming mental thoughts. Mental processes include thinking, knowing, and problem solving.

Question 28

How does the media affect learning?

Answer 28

Media affects learning because if children see violence on the T.V. or in movies, they are going to think that is ok to do in real life, when its not ok. If somebody does not stop the violent behavior there could be worse consequences when the child becomes an adult. Also, playing violent video games causes feelings of anger and makes people less sensitive to violent pictures or situations.

Question 29

Multitasking

Answer 29

Multitasking may leave a person less capable of managing their thinking when they are not multitasking. We are also less effective when we multitask then when we don’t is because our brain is only supposed to be doing one thing at a time.