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PSY 223 > PSY 223 Exam 2 > Flashcards

PSY 223 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Attitude

A

relatively enduring, general evaluation of an object/concept

can be negative and positive

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2
Q

Are our attitudes connected to our sense of self and viec versa?

A

yes

self-concept is tied to the attitude object

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3
Q

2 ways attitudes are developed

A

genetically (inherited traits and personality features) and experience (indirect and direct w attitude objects)

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4
Q

ABC’s of attitudes

A

Affective, behavioral, Cognitive

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5
Q

How are attitudes Affective?

A

the emotional impact of attitudes

I think Spider-Man is cool and awesome

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6
Q

How are attitudes Behavioral?

A

our attitude impacts our behavior

Because I think Spider-Man is cool, I’d buy Spider-man merch

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7
Q

how are attitudes Cognitive?

A

the logical reason behind your attitude

I like Spider-Man because he embodies values I find moral and inspiring

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8
Q

Attitude strength

A

the importance of an attitude depends on how quickly it comes to mind

attitude’s strength determines the influence attitude has on behavior

relies on Availibiloty Heuristic

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9
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

we develop preferences for a stimulus/object just if we’ve had repeated exposure to it

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10
Q

attitudes are a (BLANK) variable to behavior

mediator or moderator?

A

mediator

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11
Q

indirect experience increases attitude’s affect on behavior

A

false

direct experience is better. indirect works but direct is better.

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12
Q

does being drunk affect your attitude-behavior consistency?

A

yes!

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13
Q

elaboration liklihood model of persuasion

A

explains how the social environment and communication changes attitudes

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14
Q

central route

A

more thinking, active, more effortful, type 2. high thinking

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15
Q

peripheral route

A

less thinking, less effortful, passive, type 1, heuristic, low thinking

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16
Q

sleeper effect

A

discount the speaker’s credibility, but the message content creeps in over time

those disney bags i hate on on but secretly they’re growing on me

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17
Q

Attitude inoculation

A

the process of resisting strong arguments/messages by practicing resisting weaker versions of the same arguments

baby steps

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18
Q

forewarning

A

warning people that you’re going to try and change their attitude (My opponant will say…) to try and counteract it

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19
Q

foot in the door technique

A

agreement to small requests increases the likliness of agreeing to a second/larger request

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20
Q

the door in the face technique

A

disagreeing to a high-value option increases the liklihoos of agreeing to a low value option

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21
Q

low balling technique

A

agreeing to a small cost increases the liklihood of agreement if the price is raised

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22
Q

bait and switch technique

A

agreeing to a high value option increases the likliness of agreeing to a low value option

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23
Q

the self

A

the totality of the individual, consisting of all characteristic attributes, conscious and unconscious (mental+physcial)

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24
Q

self-focused attention

A

the direction of conscious attention on oneself and one’s thoughts/needs/desires/emotions/capacity of an individual to analyze and evaluate their mental/emotional states

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25
Q

self consciousness

A

publically induced self awareness

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26
Q

self monitoring

A

the tendency to be both motivated and capable (ELM) of regulatingour behavior to meet the demands of social situations

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27
Q

self concept

A

one’s description and evaluation of oneself (all encompassing, beliefs and attitudes, as well as physcial etc)

28
Q

cognitive schema

A

a collection of basic knowledge about a concept or entity that serves as a guide to perception, interprettion, imagination, or problem solving

29
Q

self complexity

A

the extent to which individuals have many different and indepenadnt ways of thinking about themselves

i am a student, a daughter, a friend, an artist

30
Q

the looking glass self

cooley

A

process wherein you base your sense of self on how you believe others see you

31
Q

social comparison

A

when we learn about our abilities and skills etc by comparing ourselves with others

32
Q

person perception

A

the process through which people think about, appraise, and evaluate other people

33
Q

impression formation

A

the process in which an individual develops a schema of some person or group

impression formation is about HOW this schema is developed

34
Q

initial impression formation

A

we immediately assign in-groups and out-groups, assess for danger, think of physical traits over non-physical when describing us, and typically focus on the nonverbal > verbal traits

35
Q

primacy effect

A

information we learn first is weighed more than what which comes later

36
Q

recency effect

A

information more recently obtained weighs more than information obstained earlier

37
Q

causal attributions

A

inferences about the cause of an event

38
Q

social attributions

A

inferences regarding the cause of a PERSON’S behavior or interpersonal event

39
Q

disproportional attribution

A

infer that behavior was caused by the person

personality psychologists love this one

also called internal or personal attribution

40
Q

situational attribution

A

infer that the behavior was casued by the situation, not the person

social psychologists love this one

also called external attribution

41
Q

actor-observeer difference

A

tendency to make more personal attributions for the behavior of others more than we do for ourselves and make more situational attributionsfor ourselves than others

42
Q

Attributional analysis theory

A

communicator (A) expresses an expectation for a position. when the expectation is disconfirmed, message recipients (B) are more persuaded than if it had gone as expected

A thinks class will suck and says so to B.

After class, if A is like “ok that wasnt bad” B is more likely to believe that as being genuine, compared to if A still said class sucked.

43
Q

covariation principle

A

a given behavior is more likey to have been caused by the situation if that behavior changes across situations

if the behavior is unique to the situation it follows this principle

44
Q

covariation information people tend to focus on

3 types

A

consistency info, distinctiveness info, and consensus info

45
Q

consistency information

A

a situation = the cause of behavior if the situation ALWAYS produces said behavior

behavior consistant to said situation

46
Q

distinctiveness information

A

a situation seems to be the cause of a behavior if the behavior occurs when the situaiton is present and not when it is not present

behavior distinct to said situation

47
Q

consensus information

A

a situation seems to be the cause of a behavior if the situation creates the same behavior in most people

situation causes same/similar behavior in most people

48
Q

Entity vs incremental theorists

A

people who believe traits are fundamentally stable and incapable of change, and people who believe that personalities change a lot over time

entity = stable and no change. incremental = change.

49
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

the strength of our liking/loving for another person

50
Q

what is physical attraction determined by?

A

youth, symmetry, averageness (vs distinct features), health, masculinity/femininity

51
Q

physical attractiveness steryotype

A

if someone is hot we tend to percieve them as having positive characteristics

52
Q

physical attraction is important in initial attraction, and grows more important in long term

A

false

intially, yeah its important, but long term its not so weighted.

53
Q

birds of a feather flock together > opposites attract

A

true

54
Q

social exchange theory

A

social partcipants seeks to maintain their beliefs (the rewards they receive minus the costs they incur) within the limits of what is regarded as fair or just

55
Q

why does mere exposure make us prefer stimuli over others

A

the more we see something, the more we FEEL we know about them (seeing multiple different situations)

56
Q

Affect-asInformation hypothesis

A

we take info from our affective state, which influences decision making and behavior

so if im in a negative affective state, im more likely to act negatively

57
Q

reciprocal self-disclosure

A

tendency for all parties in a relationship to communicate frequently without fear of reprisal, and in an accepting, genuine, empathetic manner

romantic or platonic!!

58
Q

communal relationship

A

close and intimate, suspend your needs for equity exchange, giving support to your partner in order to meet their needs.

if im sick, you’ll help me out with my chores, and i’d do the same.

59
Q

exchange relationships

A

relationships where each partner tracks their contributions ot the partnership

i bought you thta sprite four years ago and you still owe me $1.97

60
Q

committment

A

the feelings and actions that keep partners working together to maintain the relationship

61
Q

interdependant (relationship)

A

memeners of a close relationshiprely to a great degree on each other to meet their needs and goals

(still healthy. yes i rely on you, but i will not die without you.)

62
Q

codependant (relationship)

A

memebers of a relationship are mutually reliant on each other to meet their needs and goals

(unhealthy, if we break up i wont be able to like actually function)

63
Q

instrumental aggression

A

planned aggression. intentional

bullying

64
Q

affective aggression

A

non-planned aggression. occurs with only a small amount of intent and that is determined mostly by impulsive emotion

also called emmotional/impulse aggression. good example: punching a wall

65
Q

does catharsis work for anger or sadness?

A

no!

seeing violent imagry etc will increase those feelings!!

66
Q
A

PSY 223 (2 decks)

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