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PSY 223 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

operationalizing (variables)

A

the process of turning an abstract concept into a measurable construct

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2
Q

independent variable

A

the thing that is manipulated / changed

this variable effects the other

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3
Q

dependent variable

A

the thing that is observed to CHANGE

it changes as a result of the other variable

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4
Q

mediator variable

M

A

tells us WHY there is a relationship between x and y

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5
Q

moderator variable

W

A

tells us WHEN there is a relationship between x and y

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6
Q

mediator or moderator?

anxiety (X) changes heart rate (Y) through tensing up (?)

A

mediator; M

tells us WHY the heart rate changed, because of tensing up.

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7
Q

mediator or moderator?

an anxiety disorder (?) affects your anxiety levels (Y) regardless of your situation (X)

A

moderator; W

the disorder tells us WHEN we will be anxious (all the time)

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8
Q

qualitative data

A

data that cannot be measured or counted but can be represented with numbers

like hair color or gender. 3 people are blonde, 8 are brunette.

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9
Q

quantiative data

A

data that can be measured numerically

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10
Q

applied or basic research?

I am conducting a study to cure headaches from blue light

A

applied

theres a direct purpose, a clear application and impact

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11
Q

applied or basic?

I am conducting a study to try and find out what it is about our phones that gives us headaches

A

basic

we’re just gathering data that can be expanded on later. no clear impact

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12
Q

spurius correlation

A

basically coincidence. two things that are correlated but not truly connected

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13
Q

positive correlation

A

when X goes up, Y goes up

when x goes down y goes down

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14
Q

negative correlation

A

when X goes down Y goes up

when x goes up y goes down

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15
Q

does correlation always mean causation?

A

no you silly billy it doesnt

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16
Q

imitative learning

A

copying someone exactly, whether its intentional or unintentional

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17
Q

emulative learning

A

comprehending a goal of a model and engaging in similar behavior to reach that goal

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18
Q

imitative or emulative?

cason bakes a cake, so i also bake a cake, but our cakes look and taste a little different

A

emulative

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19
Q

imitative or emulative?

sarah bakes a cake and gives me the recpie, i also bake the same cake and they turn out very similar!

A

imitative

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20
Q

social cognition

A

cognition where people percieve, think, interpretm or judge the social behaviors of themselves and others

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21
Q

attribution

A

inference regarding the cause of someone’s behavior or an event

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22
Q

internal or external attribution?

the barista forgot my whipped cream, he did it on purpose because he doesnt like me.

A

internal attribution

you’re attributing the reason behind the event to something about you

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23
Q

internal or external?

the barista forgot my whipped cream. she did it by accident, the cafe was really busy!

A

external attribution

you are attributing the event to outside forces

24
Q

stable or unstable?

you have failed every math test you’ve ever taken, so you decide not to pursue a mathmatical career based on those failures.

A

stable

this attribution has to do with a long standing history

25
Q

stable or unstable?

you’ve failed almost every math test you’ve taken, but each time you attribute it to a bad luck day, or an especially difficult exam.

A

unstable

this attribution is rooted in short term explanation, not long term.

26
Q

global or specific?

i never got a call back from a job interview. i think its because of covid-19.

A

global

you attributed the event to a cause that affects many events

27
Q

global or specific?

i never got a call back from a job interview i did. i think its because the place i applied filled the position already.

A

specific

you are attrubiting the event to something that only affected one event

28
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to overestimate the influence of the self and underestimate the influence of outside factors when assesing an event

29
Q

FAE mnemonic

A

the fae are self-obsessed and think lowly of the outside world

30
Q

saliency bias

A

focusing on the most notable information

31
Q

what bias is this an example of?

I always buy a scratch ticket when i see them at the gas station, because one time the guy behind me in line won the lottery!

A

saliency bias

you’re focusing on the most notable factor, not the most logical

32
Q

what are the 3 componants of attitudes?

A

cognitive, affective, and behavioral

33
Q

what are the two types of attributes?

A

instrumental and experiental

34
Q

instrumental attitude

A

how useful or valuble is BLANK?

rationally, how useful is it? how valuable?

35
Q

experiental attitude

A

how much do i like BLANK

focused on how you’re feeling about it, your experience with it.

36
Q

cognitive miser theory

A

the theory that we use mental shortcuts when we have limited cognitive resources

37
Q

what is a heuristic?

A

a mental shortcut

38
Q

availability hueristic

A

using information that comes to mind quickly or easily when navigating complex or uncertain situations

39
Q

negativity bias

A

its easier to recall negative information than positive information

sort of ties into the saliency bias!!

40
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

mental shortcut used when estimating probabilities. when trying to assess how likely a situation is, we compare it to similar ones in the past and use that information to help us estimate.

41
Q

anchoring and adjustment hueristic

A

the tendency to weigh the first piece of information we see more heavily than subsequent information

42
Q

scarcity hueristic

A

the tendency to view resources as more valuable when they are limited

43
Q

what heuristic is at play here?

the fire alarm goes off, you’ve been drilled into leaving immediately, so you do.

A

availability hueristic

drills taught you to evacuate so that is the easiest/quickest response

44
Q

what heuristic is at play here?

a lost child will most likely seek out an adult who is female, tattoo-less, and kind looking because those types of people have helped them before.

A

representativeness heuristic

decision of who to seek out was made based on past similar experiences

45
Q

what heuristic is at play here?

you’re in the store and see the full price of an item, THEN the marked down price. You buy the item because “look how much I’m saving, I could have paid $70 but I’m only spending $35!”

A

anchoring and adjustment heuristic

the first piece of info (og price) stuck with you more than the new one.

46
Q

what heuristic is at play here?

I made a dozen cookies. the first couple I ate didn’t feel overtly special, but the very last cookie is one i savor.

A

scarcity hueristic

the last cookies feel more valuable, because theyre the only ones left

47
Q

social affect

A

the broad positive or negative feeling state

infuences mood and emotion!

48
Q

what are the four factors of emotion?

A

physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and experiental factors

49
Q

what is affect’s purpose?

A

to prompt us to act quickly for survival

50
Q

what is arousal

A

the bodily feeling that accompanies strong emotions

51
Q

limbic system

A

the group of brain structures that deal with experiencing emotion

includes the amygdala

52
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

this refers to the way we deal with intense stress well for a while, but over time we will not be able to cope as well.

53
Q

what is the most popular research element thing in psychology right now?

A

social cognition

54
Q

which is better, mirrored mimicry or anatomical mimicry?

A

mirrored makes people feel better, anatomical was rated worse

55
Q

what is social psychology?

A

PSY 223 (2 decks)

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