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PSY 100 > PSY 2 > Flashcards

PSY 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is epigenetics

A

The expression of the gene are changed without the gene being changed with chemical

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2
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
Double helix 2 s

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes
46 total 23 pairs
Genes
Part of the DNA code DNA that makes you you

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4
Q

What do we call it when genes are turned on by the environment

A

Expression

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5
Q

Injunctive

A

Unexpectivale norm or expectivable

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6
Q

Descriptive

A

The description of the behavior

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7
Q

temperament

A

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity; apparent from first weeks of life and generally persists into adulthood

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8
Q

Natural selection

A

Natural selection
Adpadation
FITNESS benefit
More likely to reproduce= more fit
Passing desirable traits overtime in order to survive

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9
Q

Mutant

A

Random error in the gene that
Survival of the fittest
Chance to reproduce

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10
Q

Individualistic

A

Values independence, more selfish, want own identity, competing

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11
Q

Collectivist

A

Being part of a group helps people work toward shared goals and responsibilities. Feeling like you belong can boost your motivation, and the group’s support helps you succeed.

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12
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Removes unnecessary synaptic as you grow
Grows super big as your a kid and cuts it out when older

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13
Q

Whats is developmental psychology

A

This theory focuses more on how our development is shaped by social interactions rather than just sexual factors. It explains that we go through eight stages of development throughout our lives.

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14
Q

Longitudinal studies

A

research that follows & retests the same people over time

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15
Q

Cross-sectional studies:

A

research that compares people of different ages at

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16
Q

Zygote

A

Life cycle begins at conception when one sperm cell unites with an egg to form a zygote (fertilized egg). Zygote enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division

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17
Q

Fetus

A

In the next 6 weeks, body organs begin to form and function. By 9 weeks, fetus is recognizably human

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18
Q

Teratogens

A

Dangerous to a fetus
Alcohol

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19
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpret, or make sense of, our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

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20
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new information

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21
Q

Object permanence

A

If you can’t see it it doesn’t exists

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22
Q

What is Cognition

A

Mental processes in the brain

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23
Q

Vygotsky

A

Parents teach them lean through other

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24
Q

Authoritative

A

parents are both responsive and demanding
They set clear rules and expectations but are also warm, supportive, and open to communication.

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25
Q

Neglectful

A

neither demanding NOR responsive
They are detached and provide little attention, support, or guidance, often meeting only the child’s basic physical needs.

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26
Q

Permissive

A

resposing but not demanding
They are indulgent, set few boundaries,and often avoid enforcing rules, allowing the child to do what they want. “Bedtime whenever you want.”

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27
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The smaller thing you can detect 50% of time

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28
Q

Subliminal

A

input below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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29
Q

Priming

A

used to activate unconscious associations

30
Q

Just notice difference

A

Minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli half the time; increases with stimulus size

31
Q

Sensation

A

you know your touching

32
Q

Perception

A

you know what touching

33
Q

Light wave characteristics

A

Dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light
Short wave blue
Long wave red

34
Q

Cons

A

Function in daylight or in well-lit conditions COLOR
Cones are sensitive to detail and color.

35
Q

Rods

A

LIGHT Rods are sensitive to faint light

36
Q

Secure

A

n their mother’s presence, these children play comfortably, happily exploring their new environment. When she leaves, they become upset. When she returns, they seek contact with her.

37
Q

Insecure

A

Infants avoid attachment or show insecure attachment, marked by either anxiety or avoidance of trusting relationships.
These children are less likely to explore and may cling to their Mother When she leaves, they may cry loudly and remain upset.

38
Q

Top Bottom

A

using past knowledge to understand what you are seeing currently

39
Q

Bottom up

A

when touching something it send signals to brain to let you know you are touching it

40
Q

Context effects

A

the influence of surrounding environmental factors & stimuli on the interpretation of a specific stimulus

41
Q

Weber Law

A

Principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
Light = 8%, Weight = 2%, Tones = 0.2%

THE NUMBERS

42
Q

Piaget

A
43
Q

theory of Mind

A

ability to read the mental state of others

44
Q

egocentrism

A

a stage of development when a child has difficulty understanding other perspectives and is focused on their own thoughts

45
Q

Sensorimotor stage:

A

birth to nearly 2 years
exploring their world through there senses

46
Q

Concrete operational stage:

A

7-11 understand simple math conservation

47
Q

Preoperational stage:

A

2-7 pretend play imagination

48
Q

Formal operational stage:

A

12-adult children can think fully
This and that
Understand and think something that is not real

49
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in responding with repeated stimulation
ex:Fetuses have adapted to vibrating, honking device on mother’s abdomen

50
Q

Stage theories

A
51
Q

trait theories

A
52
Q

stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

A

(0 to 1 year).
needs are meet and comforted
needs are not meet

53
Q

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

(1 - 3 years).
-encouragement to explore(independence)
-controling feeling shame about abilties

54
Q

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

A

Preschool (3 - 6 years)
I-support leads to motivation to learn on own
G-discourgment leads to guilts for wanted to learn & be independent

55
Q

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

A

6-12ish
Industry: Success in school and social interactions builds a sense of industry and competence.
Inferiority: Repeated failure or lack of encouragement results in feelings of inferiority.

56
Q

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

12-20s
-exploring identity and hobbies values etc confident
- feeling confused on identity and uncertain about future plans

57
Q

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

20s-40s
strong relationships
feeling isolated

58
Q

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

40s-60s
being involved in the community helpsing others
feeling stuck and becoming selfish

59
Q

Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

A

60s-death
-feeling proud and content with life
feeling disappointed and unfulfilled with life

60
Q

Authoritarian:

A

They enforce strict rules and expect obedience without much warmth or explanation.

61
Q

Gestalt Principles

A

A Unified Whole
-organize shapes and colors to make sense of what we see
People naturally group bits of information into a whole (gestalt) to understand them better.

62
Q

Proximity

A

we group nearby figures together

63
Q

Continuity

A

we perceive smooth, continues patterns rather than discontinues ones

64
Q

Closure

A

we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

65
Q

Depth perception

A

Ability to see objects in three dimensions, although images that strike retina are two-dimensional

66
Q

Visual Cliff

A

Crawling infants tend to gaze downward, making it more likely for them to stare at possible hazards they are approaching.

67
Q

Sound Intensity

A

is measured in decibels

68
Q

Toxic noise

A

may cause hearing loss.
Involves prolonged exposure to ear-splitting mu

69
Q

Short wavelength

A

high frequency
High pitch sounds

70
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency
Low pitch sounds

71
Q

Great amplitudes

A

(loud sounds)

72
Q
A

PSY 100 (2 decks)

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