Psichia esami erasmus Flashcards
A 25-year old man comes to the office because he has severe restlessness, anxiety, and generalized
myalgia during the past three days. The patient says he has not slept for the past two days. Physical
examination shows dilatation of the pupils, excessive lacrimation, diaphoresis and piloerection. The most
likely cause of this patient’s condition is withdrawal of which of the following substances?
a. Cocaine
b. Inhalants
c. Methamphetamines
d. Modafmil
e. Opioids
E
A 45-year old woman who has had low grade chronic depression for more than two years come to the
office because she has had weakness, cold intolerance, constipation, and weight gain during the past six
months. Physical examination shows dry, coarse skin as well as bradycardia, hypothermia and swelling of
the hand and feet. Which of the following laboratory studies is the most appropriate to determine the
diagnosis?
a. Liver function testing
b. Measurement of serum C-reactive protein level;
c. Measurement of serum electrolyte level;
d. Measurement of serum estrogen level;
e. Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level.
E
A 40-year old man with bipolar disorder, comes to the clinic for routine follow up examination. His
condition has been difficult to control and his required treatment with multiple medication during the past
two years. His mood has been stable with his current regimen but for the past three months, he has had
tremor primarily affecting his hands. Which of the following medications is the most likely cause of this
patient tremor?
a. Carbamazepine
b. Gabapentin
c. Lamotrigine
d. Lithium carbonate
e. None of listed
D
A 21-year old woman who is a medicine student has brought to the clinic by her room mate because she
has been acting strangely during the past 8 months. During the past month, the patient has been
describing how another person’s thoughts have been entering into her mind. The patient’s grades have
been slipping and she doesn’t talk as much as she did previously. The roommate says that when the
patient does talk, she strays from the topic and is hard to follow. During the interview the patient says a
television reporter told her that the government has a special message for her and she should listen to the
radio for further instructions. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these patient
symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Schizoaffective disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Schizophreniform disorder
e. Stress disorder
C
A 43-year old man comes to the office after he experienced what he says was a nervous breakdown. The
patient says that after he recently declared bankrupt, loosing his home and his business, he became very
depressed. During this time, he begun to hear voices telling him that he was useless and should kill himself.
The patient says his symptoms stopped after one week. He has had no similar episodes. Medical history
includes no psychiatric conditions. At the time of examination he is not reporting any psychopathological
symptom. Physical examination shows no abnormalities, and results of laboratory studies are within
normal limits. In which group of the following diagnosis could be the patient’s diagnosed included?
a. Personality disorders
b. Acute and transient psychotic disorders
c. Affective disorders
d. Persistent delusional disorders
e. Schizoaffective disorders.
B
A 55-year old woman comes to the office because she has a 20-year history of repetitive actions and is tired of wasting time by repeating these actions. The patient says she repeatedly check the doors in her house to make sure they are locked, washes her hands several times per hour, and check her electrical appliance three times each morning before she leaves for work. Which of the following condition is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Depression
e. Stress disorder
B
A 23-year old woman who is a psychology student comes to the health service center because she has had symptoms of depression for the past three months, since she was a victimof date rape at a party. She is embarrassed and ashamed. She did not get medical care at the time. The patient says she has not told her friends about the incident and she has continuedto attend classes and work part time. However she says she constantly feels sad and anxious, has become tearful and withdrawn, and has had difficult sleeping because of frightening nightmares about the event. This patient likely has:
a. Acute stress disorder
b. Adjustment disorder
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
d. Major depressive disorder
e. Post-traumatic stress disorder
E
A 10-year old boy with a history of involuntary eye blinking and snorting comes to the office because he is
distressed about increasing frequency of these blinking over the past two years. Which of the following
most likely cause these symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
c. Panic disorder
d. Schizophreniform disorder
e. Stress disorder
B
Istanbul Protocol
(A) is a guide to prove the evidences of physical or psychical torture
(B) is a guide to prove the evidences of only psychical torture
(C) determines the amount of penalties for persons who carry out torture
(D) refers to the prohibition of violence against women
(E) allows the application against torturers
A
Possible side effects of antipsychotics are:
(A) akathisia
(B) metabolic syndrome
(C) neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(D) QTc interval prolongation
(E) hyperprolactinaemia
a) A, B, C, E
b) B, C, E
c) A, B; C; D, E.
d) A, C, E
e) C, E
C (tutte)
Disorders , stress-related
a. Generalized anxiety disorder
b. Adaptation disorder
c. Social phobia
d. Acute stress disorder
e. Posttraumatic stress disorder
metterei tutte
da riassunto sloveno: B, D, E
Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive amount of all of the following, except:
a. Pruning
b. Synaptogenesis
c. Apoptosis
d. Myelinization
D
All are plausible theories on the etiology of schizophrenia, except:
a. Methylation of the DNA
b. Spontaneous mutations
c. Dopamine hypothesis
d. Genetic environmental interactions
B
Evidence that schizophrenia is a biologic disorder includes the following, except
a. The difference in lateral ventricles in the twin study
b. Gliosis in the prefrontal cortex
c. Gray matter reduction in children-onset schizophrenia
d. Hypofrontality
B
In schizophrenia the prefrontal cortex may be affected by
a. Excessive dopaminergic transmission
b. Increased number of oligodendrocytes
c. Malfunctions of GABAergic interneurons
d. Decreased number of pyramidal neurons
C
All of the following is in consistent with the reduced neuropil hypothesis, except
(A) Decrease of oligodendrocyte population
(B) Limited spine formation on the dendrites
(C) Increased density of neurons (of the grey matter)
(D) The difference in lateral ventricle size in twin study
(E) Reduced neural cell size
A
Common symptoms in typical depressive disorder are:
a. Depressed mood
b. Loss of interest and enjoyment
c. Reduced concentration and attention
d. Reduced energy leading to increased fatiguability and diminished activity
e. Reduced self esteem and self-confidence.
tutte
Human right are based on the following principles:
a. Dignity
b. Honesty
c. Diligence
d. Equality
e. Independence
RISPOSTA: A, B, D, E
A 25- year old man comes to the office because he has pain in his right hand. The nurse says the patient
was irritable and reluctant to answer many…. Questions, and he refused to collaborate during an
examination. On questioning, the patient is initially charming and glib, but after he is assured that the
informations he shares will not be relayed to his probation officer, he admits that he was involved in a
fight. He says proudly that “the other guy is in a lot wore shape”. This patient mostly has which of the
following psychiatric conditions?
a. Antisocial personality disorder
b. Bipolar disorder, hypomanic disorder
c. Conduct disorder
d. Oppositional deviant disorder
e. Paranoid personality disorder
A
Forensic psychiatry
a. Is at intersection of judicial and health systems
b. Had its own philosophy
c. Deals with an understanding of the relationship between mental disorder and criminal activity
d. Examines the relationship between a particular mental disorder and criminal activity
e. Determines the amount of fines for person with mental disorders
RISPOSTA: A, C, D
SE SOLO 1 C
What is the fear of enclosed spaces called?
a. claustrophobia
b. agoraphobia
c. misophobia
d. arachnophobia
e. xenophobia
A
Attacks of severe fear with chest tightness, body tremors, sweating, tingling, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing and thoughts that death is imminent or that a person will lose control of their behavior or common sense are called
a. schizophrenia
b. depression
c. acute stress disorder
d. panic disorder
D
- The following disorders are most often found in a patient with somatization disorder:
a. depression
b. abuse or dependence on benzodiazepines and painkillers x
c. learned impotence
d. anxiety disorder
e. all of the above
e
Suicide risk is increased in all mental disorders. Which order is correct if we
classify mental disorders according to the threat from the one with the highest risk of the patient with this mental disorder to the one with the lowest:
a. depression, anorexia, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia
b. anorexia, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia depression
c. anorexia, depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia
d. depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia, anorexia
e. anorexia, substance abuse, personality disorder, depression, schizophrenia
Il sacro chatgpt indica la D, sia lode all’algoritmo
In the context of bipolar mood disorder, we distinguish the following phases
a. mania, hypomania, mixed image and depression
b. mania and depression
c. mania and hypomania
d. psychotic state
e. mania with or without psychotic symptoms, hypomania, mixed picture and mild, moderate or severe depression with or without psychotic symptoms
E
Bipolar mood disorder is slightly more common in
a. men
b women
c. children
d. the elderly
e. artists
B
Read the example and tell us what the disorder is: Tanja is 45 years old and has always been more worried. She takes care of her job, her children, her health. She is constantly tired and has a headache. She sleeps poorly and notices that she is increasingly distracted. Her stomach also hurts. She conducted investigations, but there is nothing wrong. She is quite disappointed with the doctors. She takes special care of the children she loves immensely. They are now 10 and 15 years old and want to do things their own way. They quarrel with her,
and she wants to help and protect them.
a. depression
b. insomnia
c. somatization disorder
d. generalized anxiety disorder
e. hypochondriac disorder
D (da file palermo)
In particular, in which areas do treatment and rehabilitation differ
a. consideration of clinical condition and diagnosis
b. cooperation with relatives and support
c. finding the causes and diagnosing
d. support and diagnosis
e. none of the above
C
It is considered an acute stress disorder
a) It is a temporarily disturbed mental balance of an individual, triggered by a stressful event
b) It can occur without a stressful event and is often chronic
c) It can happen to anyone and almost always leads to depression
d) It is a serious recurrent mental disorder associated with exposure to
stressors
e) It is due to excessive alcohol consumption and the impact of alcohol on the
body through stress
A
Natasha is 17 years old and has severe tremors when speaking in front of others. She learns everything, but when she has to speak in public, she gets stuck, her hands sweat, and instead of speaking, she sees herself experiencing embarrassment, failure, and failure. Last month, she was also upset at home if there were seminars or an oral test the next day at school . She shut herself in. He sleeps poorly at night. She finds it uncontrollable to overcome her fear. He watches with envy his classmates as they have no trepidation.
a. depression
b. social phobia
c. psychosis
d. acute stress disorder
e. post-traumatic stress disorder
B
Self-stigmatization is
a) Subjective process of accepting
capabilities and limitations
b) Acceptance of illness
c) Internalization of stigma
d) Care for illness
e)Non-acceptance in society
C
.People with mental disorders are less likely to seek help:
a) because they do not believe that
something is wrong with them
b) due to prejudice and discrimination
c) because they are less able to seek
help
d) because they have a bad lifestyle
e) they are less capable
communications
B
A 15-year-old girl came to the emergency room due to an arm injury accompanied by her mother. During the examination, the doctor detects pain in the upper arm, bruises, bruises are visible, and the X-ray does not show a fracture. During the examination, the young woman confides in him that the injuries caused by the quarrel were caused by her father. How will he act?
A) Advised cooling and exercise
B) He will get angry because he goes to the emergency room at three in the morning because of this.
C) Advised the mother to settle the situation with the father.
D) Report the event to the police or social work center and inform the mother and young woman that she
must report the event herself within 24 hours.
E) Complied with the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (ZPND).
F) Fill out a police report and will not tell the mother and adolescent about it as they would be upset at the
emergency room.
a) A, C
b) A, C, D
c) A, D, E
d) A, B, C
e) A, B, C, D, F
C
Formal disorders of thinking include:
a) perseverations
b) prevalent thoughts
c) obsessions
d) hustle and bustle
e) mental retardation
a) A, B, C, E
b) A, B, D
c) A, D, E
d) B, C, D
e) A, B, E
C
Antipsychotics include:
a) haloperidol
b) olanzapine/aripiprizole
c) sertraline
d) escitalopram
e) risperidone
a) A, D, E
b) A, B, E
c) A, C, D
e) A, B, C, D, E
e) B, E
B
The following shall apply to somatoform disorders:
a) somatization is a process in which psychological needs are expressed as
physical symptoms
b) patients with somatoform disorders often decide to see a doctor
c) fibromyalgia is considered a somatoform disorder
d) Hypochondriac disorder is present in 1% of all patients seeking help due to physical problems
e) somatoform disorders are treated with drugs only
a) B, C, D
b) A, B, C
c) A, B
e) A, D, E
e) A, B, D
c (solo A, B)
Mindfullness is a psychotherapeutic approach that:
1. has evidence-based efficacy in depression and anxiety
2. focuses on achieving ecstatic states
3. based on focused attention on one’s own experience
4. teaches how to carefully analyze hazards
5. it is based on careful reflection on each of your actions
a. A, C
b. A, B, C
c. C, D, E
d. A, C, E
e. D, E
A (A, C)
The following mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder:
a) diazepam
b) valproate
c) chlorpromazine
d) lorazepam
e) risperidone
B
Cognitive modulators that primarily act on the glutamatergic system include:
a. bupropion
b. memantine
c. quetiapine
d. galantamine
e. lorsilan
B
Common or trans-theoretical factors in psychotherapy include:
A. psychotherapeutic techniques
B. correction of cognitive distortions
C. therapeutic relationship
D. factors on the therapist’s side
E. strengthening ego functions
a. B, E
b. A , C, D
c. B, C, D
d. A, C
e. B, D
B (A, C, D)
Da chatGPT:
The correct answer is (c) B, C, D.
Common or trans-theoretical factors refer to aspects of psychotherapy that are effective across different therapeutic approaches. These factors include correction of cognitive distortions (B), the therapeutic relationship (C), and factors on the therapist’s side (D).
Psychotherapeutic techniques (A) may differ between therapeutic approaches and may not be effective in all cases. Strengthening ego functions (E) is a specific technique used in psychodynamic therapy, but it is not considered a common or trans-theoretical factor. Therefore, option (c) B, C, D is the correct answer.
Among the main paradigms or. theoretical approaches in psychotherapy include:
A. directive psychotherapy
B. hagiotherapy
C. transactional analysis
D. systemic family psychotherapy
E. psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Re: a. A, B, C
b. C, D, E
c. IF
d. B, D, E
e. D, E
E (D, E)
The correct answer is (d) B, D, E.
The main paradigms or theoretical approaches in psychotherapy include hagiotherapy (B), systemic family psychotherapy (D), and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (E). Hagiotherapy is a humanistic approach that focuses on finding meaning and purpose in life, whereas systemic family psychotherapy is based on the idea that problems within a family are best addressed by addressing the entire family system. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is based on the work of Sigmund Freud and aims to uncover unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions.
Directive psychotherapy (A) is not a specific theoretical approach but rather a term used to describe any therapy in which the therapist takes an active, directive role in guiding the therapy session. Transactional analysis (C) is a specific type of psychotherapy that focuses on communication and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, option (d) B, D, E is the correct answer.
Severe anxiety in a child
A. limits its holistic development
B. turns into a psychotic disorder
C. increases a child’s dependence on adults
D. is a common feature of growing up
E. may reflect the anxiety of one of the adult family members
a. A, B, C, E
b. B, C, E
c. A, B; C; D, E.
d. A, C, E
d (A, C, E)
Self-stigmatization is
A. Lack of will
B. Excessive self-care
C. Internalization of prejudices
D. Decline in social functioning
E. Cause of poor performance
a. A, B, C, E
b. B, C, E
c. A, B; C; D, E.
d. A, C, E
e. C, E
d (A, C, E)
Personality disorders are divided into
a. self-centered, dissocial, and twisted personalities
b. dissocial and antisocial personalities
c. self-centered, dissocial, and autistic personalities
d. autistic and impulsive personalities
e. none of the above
A
What applies to addiction to psychotropic substances
a. The division into licit and illicit drugs is a medical classification
b. At least 5 signs of the syndrome in the last year must be present for diagnosis
c. Most addicted patients have a poor long- term prognosis
d. It is a combination of neurobiological brain changes and maladaptive behavior
e. none of the above
D
Admission to a psychiatric hospital for treatment in a ward under special supervision without the
patient’s consent is permitted when:
a. all the conditions of the Patient’s Rights Act are met
b. the patient’s life is endangered
c. the patient causes greater material damage and this is due to a mental disorder
d. all the conditions of the Criminal Code are met
e. all the conditions of the Mental Health Act are met
E
How can we help a child with a chronic illness to achieve developmental tasks?
a. by treating exacerbations
b. with maintenance treatment
c. by complying with the Orientation of Children with Special Needs Act
d. with family therapy and with social skills training
e. with all of the above
E
Benzodiazepines are classified
a. biperiden and haloperidol
b. quetiapine and diazepam
c. lorazepam and oxazepam
d. memantine and lorazepam
e. mirtazapine and lorazepam
C
The suicide rate in Slovenia is:
A) higher in men
B) higher in women
C) higher in the Eastern Cohesion Region
D) higher in the Western Cohesion Region
E) higher in higher age groups
a. A, B, C
b. C, D, E
c. A, C, E
d. B, D, E
e. D, E
C
Common or trans-theoretical factors in psychotherapy include:
a. psychotherapeutic techniques
b. correction of cognitive distortions
c. therapeutic relationship
d. factors on the therapist’s side
e. strengthening ego functions
a. B, E
b. A, C, D
c. B, C, D
d. A, C
e. B, D
b (A, C, D)
The correct answer is (c) B, C, D.
Common or trans-theoretical factors refer to aspects of psychotherapy that are effective across different therapeutic approaches. These factors include correction of cognitive distortions (B), the therapeutic relationship (C), and factors on the therapist’s side (D). Psychotherapeutic techniques (A) may differ between therapeutic approaches and may not be effective in all cases. Strengthening ego functions (E) is a specific technique used in psychodynamic therapy, but it is not considered a common or trans-theoretical factor. Therefore, option (c) B, C, D is the correct answer.
Donepezil is used to treat:
a. Schizoaffective disorders
b. Generalized anxiety disorder
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease
e. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder consists of:
a) Taking anxiolytics, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning to relax
b) Counseling, taking antipsychotics and rehabilitation
c) Counseling, taking painkillers, analytical psychotherapy and walks
d) Taking antidepressants and antipsychotics, hospital treatment and learning to relax
e) Counseling, taking antidepressants, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning to
relax
E
Antidepressants are used for
treatment:
a)Generalized Anxiety Disorders,
Depression, Obsessive-compulsive
disorder compulsive disorders
b) Psychosis, Generalized anxiety
disorders, Depression
c) Generalized anxiety disorder,
Depression
d) Depression
e) Dementia, depression
A
Treatment in a forensic psychiatry unit is intended for:
a. victims of crime
b. persons with the imposed measure of compulsory hospital treatment
c. persons who have been violent in other wards of a psychiatric hospital
d. persons wishing to serve a prison sentence in a hospital instead of in prison
e. have refused treatment for a mental disorder
B
Bipolar mood disorder is
a) One of fronto-temporal dementias
b) Mild but recurrent mental disorder
c) Mental disorder with a high risk of suicidal behavior and at the same time a mentaldisorder, which is often accompanied by another mental disorder
d) Synonymous with schizoaffective disorder
e) A mental disorder that mostly resolves spontaneously
C
In a patient with schizophrenia, one would expect from a healthy person:
a. excessive increase in metabolic activity of the prefrontal cortex in solving mental problems
b. insufficient increase in metabolic activity of the anterior cortex in solving mental problems
c. decreased metabolic activity of basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen,accumbens)
d. increased dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
e. decreased dopamine release in the basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen,accumbens)
B
In a patient with schizophrenia, the first symptoms of the disease would be expected:
a) decreased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
b) increased density of neuronal neurons of the cerebral cortex
c) increased connectivity between cortical neurons
d) increased number of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex
e) increased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
E
A 15-year-old girl came to the emergency room due to an arm injury accompanied by her mother. During the examination, the doctor detects pain in the upper arm, bruises, bruises are visible, and the X-ray does not show a fracture. During the examination, the young woman confides in him that herfather caused injuries during the quarrel. How will he act?
A) Advised cooling and exercise
B) He will get angry because he goes to the emergency room at three in the morning because of this.
C) Advised the mother to settle the situation with the father.
D) Report the event to the police or social work center and inform the mother and young woman that she must report the event herself within 24 hours.
E) Complied with the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (ZPND).
F) Fill out a police report and will not tell the mother and teenager about it as they
would be upset at the emergency room.
a) A, C
b) A, C, D
c) A, D, E
d) A, B, C
e) A, B, C, D, F
c (A, D, E)
Acute inhibition of glutamate NMDA receptors (eg due to the action of phencyclidine,
ketamine), can
a) mimics the signs of hypofrontality
b) alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia
c) mimics the signs of acute schizophrenia
d) causes decreased activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system
e) causes decreased dopamine release in the striatum (NO)
C
Agomelatine is an antagonist of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and causes resynchronization of circadian rhythms. Agomelatine has no effect on monoamine transporters.
a) Both statements are correct.
b) The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect.
c) The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct.
d) Both statements are incorrect.
e) None of the above
C
Hypofrontality, as an indicator of prefrontal lobe dysfunction, is associated by some with
a) decreased dopamine transfer in the basal ganglia
b) increased activity of the subtype of GABA-ergic interneurons in the frontal cortex
c) accelerated dopamine transfer in the frontal cortex
d) abnormal functioning of the medial part of the temporal lobe; and
temporofrontal connections.
e) Decreased density of neurons in the frontal cortex
A (file Padova) e chatgpt
E (?)
The estimated prevalence of mental disorders in Slovenia is:
a) between 5 and 10%
b) between 10 and 15%
c) between 15 and 20%
d) between 20 and 25%
e) between 25 and 30%
B o C
C da chatgpt
The estimated prevalence of mental disorders in Slovenia is:
a) between 5 and 10%
b) between 10 and 15%
c) between 15 and 20%
d) between 20 and 25%
e) between 25 and 30%
B o C
According to DSM 5 the two types of schizoaffective disorder — both of which include some symptoms of schizophrenia —are:
(A) Bipolar type and Depressive type,
(B) Unipolar and Bipolar type
(C) Schizophrenic and Depressive type
(D)Manic and Unipolar type
(E) None of the above
A
Which of the listed IS NOT a criterion for alcohol dependence:
(A)Tolerance
(B) Number of drinks in a week
(C)Continued drinking despite physical and mental health problems
(D)More time spent on addiction related activities
(E) Withdrawal
B
The resident on call decides to start the patient on medication to control the disease. The patient refuses the medication, stating that she has taken it in the past and it causes her to be constantly thirsty and break out in pimples and makes her food taste funny. Which of the following medications is being discussed?
(A)Valproic acid
(B) Haloperidol
(C)Carbamazepine
(D)Lithium
(E) Sertraline
D
