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VET211 > Pseudomonas > Flashcards

Pseudomonas Flashcards

1
Q

What are some general features of Pseudomonas

A

Saprophytic - Gram -ve/motile/aerobe - Extracellular slime layer - causes blue/green pus - Opportunist - Very resistant to antimicrobials: Intrinsic resistance(due to biofilms) - P. aeroginosa most common

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2
Q

What does Pseudomonas cause

A

Sheep = Fleet rot (Discolouration) - Mares + cows = abortion/metritis - Dogs = Otitis externa, cystitis, dermatitis, prostitis - Poultry = Septicaemia, dermatitis - Humans = Generalised infections, Biofilms in lungs (Cystic fibrosis patients)

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3
Q

How is Pseudomonas intrinsic antimicrobial resistance

A

1) Low permeability of outer membrane - 2) Multi-drug efflux pumps - 3) Production of chromosomally encoded Beta-Lactamases - 4) Biofilm

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4
Q

What does Burkholderi mallei cause/ general features

A

“Glanders” (Farcy) - Nodules/Ulcers in the respiratory tract/skin - Equine/zoonotic - Gram -ve

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5
Q

What are the 3 forms chronic granulomatous disease of Burkholderi mallei

A

1) Nasal form: Ulcerated mucosa/blood stained nasal discharge - 2) Pulmonary form: Granulomas in lungs - 3) Cutaneous form “Farcy”: corded lymphatics/ulcers/oily pus

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6
Q

What does Burkholderi Pseudomallei cause/general features

A

Agent of “Meliodosis” - Found in soil - A lot of sublinical infections - typically in sheep, goats, pigs - occasionally in cattle, horse, dogs, cats, humans - Gram -ve

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7
Q

What are the 2 forms of disease of Burkholderi Pseudomallei

A

1) Acute septicaemia (Mainly in young animals) 2) Chronic abscesses in lungs/liver/lymph nodes

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8
Q

What does Aeromonas hydrophila cause/general features

A

Gram -ve - effects fish/amphibians/reptiles - causes ulcerative lesions/septicaemia in fresh water fish

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9
Q

What does Aeromonas salmonicida cause/general features

A

Gram -ve - Causing ulcers in salmon and koi

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10
Q

What are the 7 common features of Respiratory/mucosal pathogens

A

Gram -ve - Coccbacilli/cocci - Respiratory +/- Reproduction infection - Carriage (Obligate) - Commensals/opportunists - “Stress” > disease - occasionally septicaemias

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11
Q

What are the 10 main respiratory/mucosal pathogens

A

Pasteurella - Francisella - Bordetella - Moraxella - Legionella - Haemophilus - Histophilus - Actinobacillus - Mannheimia - Bibersteinia

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12
Q

What are the general features of Pasteurella

A

Commensals, obligate parasites of vertebrates located in the nasopharynx/tonsils - Complex pathogenesis - P. multocida is the most significant - Specific capsular types associated with host-specific diseases

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13
Q

What are the general features of Pasteurella. multocida

A

Short gram -ve rod with bipolar staining - Doesn’t grow on MCA - Has a odour - Larger capsule = more pathogenic - 5 capsular serogroups - 16 “somatic” serogroups (F is most important for Fowl cholera)

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14
Q

What diseases does Pasteruella. multocida cause/spread

A

1) Septicaemia pasteurellosis - 2) Fowl cholera - 3) Pneumonic pasteurellosis - 4) Atrophic rhinitis (Pigs) - 5) cat and dog bites (Abscesses + toxic signs) (Zoonosis)

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15
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Septicaemia pasteurellosis/spread

A

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Cattle, buffalo, ect) - Acute septicaemia/Chronic pleuropneumonia (stress of monsoon) - Spreads from upper respiratory tract

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16
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Fowl cholera

A

Acute septicaemia (esp turkeys) - chronic URT signs - Stress +/- introduction of virulent strain - Vaccines used

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17
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Pneumonic pasteurellosis

A

Bronchopneumonia, often secondary to viral infections

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18
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Atrophic rhinitis

A

type D > toxins if Bordetella bronchiseptica is present

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19
Q

What is “shipping fever” caused from Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Bovine respiratory disease complex - Causes secondary pneumonia following a primary viral infection (Bovine Herpes virus, BVD ect) - Can be induced via stress

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20
Q

What are some of the general features of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Indole negative - weak growth on MCA - Beta haemolysis due to leukotoxin - Vaccine available

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21
Q

What disease is caused from Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

Pneumonic pasteurellosis of sheep (5-11 months old)

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22
Q

What Actinobacillus spp is host specific to swine

A

A. pleuropneumoniae (APP)

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23
Q

What are some general features of Actinobacillus. pleuropnemoniae

A

Hemolytic Gram -ve - capsulated - coccobacillary rod - highly host specific for swine - strains vary in virulence and pathogenicity

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24
Q

What disease is caused from Actinobacillus. pleuropnemoniae and how is it transmitted

A

Severe/contagious respiratory disease - high morbidity/mortality - transmitted via nose to nose contact - vaccines available - 15 serovars 1.5,7,15 common in Australia

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25
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus. lignieresii cause

A

Wooden tongue (Cattle) = swollen tongue - inability to eat/drink - drooling/saliva - rapid loss of condition - Ulcers on tongue. Small multiple granulomas “daisy head granules”

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26
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus. equuli cause

A

Sleepy foal disease = septicaemia/”joint ill” - in pigs septicaemia/arthritis/abortion.

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27
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus. suis cause

A

septicaemia in sows + litters

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28
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus. seminis cause

A

Palpable lesions of the epididymis in rams (abscess in balls)

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29
Q

What disease does Francisella tularensis cause

A

Tick-borne - Acute septicaemia - Tularemia - zoonotic = slow healing ulcer + lymphadenopathy in humans

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30
Q

What cause Fowl coryza in adult poultry/What are the symptoms

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum - Nasal and eye discharge - Conjunctivitis - swelling of wattles - eedema of the head - Dyspnea - Egg drop - Vaccine available

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31
Q

Who are the 4 first Microbiologist/Bacterialologists

A
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32
Q

What are the 3 classifications of bacteria

A
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33
Q

What are the Bacterial DNA

A
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34
Q

What are the characteristics of Gram -/+ bacteria

A
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35
Q

Discribe the Gram staning process

A
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36
Q

What are the functions of Lipoplysaccharides

A
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37
Q

What is the function/form of the Capsule

A
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38
Q

What is the function of Pilli - Fimbriae - flagela - and endospore

A
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39
Q

What are the 2 types of Microbial growth

A
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40
Q

What is the use of a soild media

A
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41
Q

What is the use of a liquid media

A
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42
Q

what is the use of solid + liquid meida nutrients

A
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43
Q

What is the use of a Routine media

A
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44
Q

What is the use of a Enrichment media

A
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45
Q

What are the 3 types of Haemolytic patterns on blood agar plate

A
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46
Q

What is the use of a Selective media

A
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47
Q

What are the 3 types of philes when it comes to conditions of growth temp

A
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48
Q

What arethe 5 types of atmospheres used by bacteria

A
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49
Q

What are the steps in the Growth of indicidual bacteria cells

A
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50
Q

What are the 4 stages in logarithmic growth

A
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51
Q

What are the 2 ways of measurement of bacterial growth

A
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52
Q

What are the 3 main ways of classification for bacteria and the naming convetions

A
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53
Q

What is the importance of 16s rRNA indentification

A
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54
Q

What are the lower taxonomic categories of bacteria

A
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55
Q

What are the 3 key steps in vet lab bacterial indentification

56
Q

What is the objective/Species/Taxonomy/Vet diagnostic lab identification of bacteria

57
Q

What nurtient plates would you grow Mucosal infection - Body fluid - Suspect fastidius organism - Fungal pathogens

58
Q

What is the use of Lancefield’s grouping (A-G) for streptococci

59
Q

What is MaLDi-ToFF

60
Q

What are the 2 main types of mutations in Bacterial genetics

A

Point mutations and Deletion mutations

61
Q

What are the 4 types of Bacterial Recombination

62
Q

What are the functions of Integrons/Transposons

63
Q

What are clones in bacteria

64
Q

What is the importance of genotyping and MLST

65
Q

What are Antibiotic - Antimicrobial - Chemotherapy

66
Q

What are Antimicrobial agents

67
Q

What are the problems with antibiotics

68
Q

How do you test what anitmicrobials work

69
Q

What are these types of Susceptibility testing - CLSI - MIC - MBC - E strips

70
Q

What mechanisms in the bacteria of action work with Antimicrobials

71
Q

What are the terms of clinical use of antibiotics

72
Q

Why is antimicrobial resistance increasing

73
Q

What is drug resistance

74
Q

what are the 6 ways in which bacteria resist drugs

75
Q

What are the 3 types of antimicrobial resistance standing

76
Q

What are the 5 types of Multi-drug resistance

A

PDR: Resistance to all antimicrobials

77
Q

What is Koch’s Postulates

78
Q

What are the main terms in Bacteriaology

79
Q

What are the 4 attributes of bacteria that contribute to disease

80
Q

What are the defientions of the types of infections - Purulent - Bacteraemia - Septicaemia - Toxaemia - Granulomatous - Local

A

Local: Localised infection

81
Q

What are the 6 main types of transmission

82
Q

What are some common sites of microbial entry

A

Skin - Conjuctiva/Mucous membranes - Venereal (Reproductive track) - Respiratory - Ingestion - Vertical transmission - Insect vectors - Direct Contact

83
Q

What are the properties of Colonisation bacteria

84
Q

What are the steps in invasion bacteria

85
Q

What mechanisms can bacteria use for immune evansion

86
Q

What is the form/function of an Endotoxin

87
Q

What are the general characteristics of Staphylococcus and its 3 major groups

88
Q

What are the 3 minor groups of staphylococcus

89
Q

What staphylococcus diseases occour in humans and what is the most common staphylococcus group

90
Q

What are the main types of infection/toxin for Staphlococcus

91
Q

What does the main toxin in Staphlococcus (Panton valentine leucocidin toxin (PLV) cause

92
Q

Why is strain typing important when treating bacterial infections

93
Q

How did ST398/CC398 become MRSA (mecA gene)

94
Q

What does Staphlococcus. pseudintermedius cause in dogs

95
Q

What are the general characteristics of Streptococcus

96
Q

What are the main differences between Streptococcus and Staphlococcus

97
Q

What are the methods of strep classification with Lancefield’s grouping

98
Q

What are the Haemolysis classifications of strep

99
Q

What are the symptoms on a strep infection

100
Q

How does immunity work with strep

101
Q

What are the main types of strep diseases

102
Q

What is the most important infectious disease of young equines, and the features about it

103
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Strangles

104
Q

What are some general features of Strep suis

105
Q

What groups of strep cause Mastitis

106
Q

What are some general characteristics of Enterocoocus spp

107
Q

What is the treatment/control of strep infections

108
Q

What are the general characteristics of Actinobaccteria - and what are the 5 main types

109
Q

What are the 4 main types of small gram +ve rods

110
Q

What are the general characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes/ what diseases are caused in what hosts

111
Q

What is the general characteristicis of Rhodococcus equi - the common disease - pathogenesis - clinical signs and epidemiology

112
Q

What are the general characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae / forms of infections in pigs and pathogenesis

113
Q

What is the chronic disease form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause / Epidemiology / Diseases in other animals

114
Q

What are the general characteristics of Corynebacterium / the species of interest

115
Q

What are the general characterisitcis of spore-forming organisms / 2 types that are spore forming rods

116
Q

What are the general characteristics of Bacillus anthracis / Animal species effected / Clinical signs / Acute form signs

117
Q

What are the general signs of Bacillus anthracis in cats/dogs - the Pathogenesis / Diagnosis / Epidemiology

118
Q

What are the general characteristics of Clostridium spp and the 3 main species

119
Q

What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. perfringes A-E

120
Q

What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. difficile

121
Q

What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. tetani

122
Q

What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. botulinum

123
Q

What are the general characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae gram -ve

124
Q

What are the major Entric systemic pathogens

125
Q

What are the opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae Gram -ve pathogens

126
Q

What are the good the bad and the ugly infections of E. coli

127
Q

What are the subtyping/Serotyping for Enterobacteriaceae Gram -ve

128
Q

What are the general features of Avian pathogenic E. coli

129
Q

What are the general features of Intestinal E. coli in both pigs and ruminants

130
Q

What are the virulence factors for Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

131
Q

What does Shiga-toxin peoducing E. coli (STEC) / Enterohaemoragic E. coli cause

132
Q

What are the general characteristics of Salmonella spp

133
Q

What are the Salmonella Serovars / What species infect which hosts / Which species cause food posining / What is salmonellosis

134
Q

What does Salmonella. typhimurium cause

135
Q

What are the 4 Salmonellosis in poultry

136
Q

What is the main Salmonellosis in cattle/ what does it cause

137
Q

What is the main Salmonellosis in Pigs

VET211 (3 decks)

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