pschology past paper

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

A dynamic organization of characteristics.

Question 2

Which approach to studying personality focuses on identifying universal principles that apply to everyone?

Answer 2

Nomothetic.

Question 3

Who developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality?

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud.

Question 4

According to psychoanalytic theory, what does the unconscious mind contain?

Answer 4

Thoughts and feelings outside of conscious awareness.

Question 5

What did Neo-Feudian theories emphasize?

Answer 5

Social factors and interpersonal relationships.

Question 6

Which behaviorist developed the theory of operant conditioning?

Answer 6

B.F. Skinner.

Question 7

What does classical conditioning involve?

Answer 7

Learning through association.

Question 8

What do humanistic theories emphasize?

Answer 8

Self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 9

Which theory of personality focuses on identifying and measuring individual traits?

Answer 9

Trait theory.

Question 10

What do the Big Five personality traits include?

Answer 10

Extroversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness.

Question 11

What are the criteria for abnormality?

Answer 11

Statistical rarity, cultural relativity, personal distress.

Question 12

Historically, what was mental illness often attributed to?

Answer 12

Supernatural causes.

Question 13

What is the DSM-5 used for?

Answer 13

Diagnosing mental disorders.

Question 14

How is depression characterized?

Answer 14

Persistent sadness and loss of interest or pleasure.

Question 15

What do anxiety disorders include?

Answer 15

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Question 16

What may treatment of mental disorders involve?

Answer 16

Medication, psychotherapy, hospitalization.

Question 17

What concepts are included in social psychology?

Answer 17

Obedience, conformity, attribution.

Question 18

What does social influence refer to?

Answer 18

The impact of others on individual behavior.

Question 19

What did obedience studies like the Milgram experiment explore?

Answer 19

The effects of authority on obedience.

Question 20

What is conformity?

Answer 20

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Question 21

What does attribution involve?

Answer 21

Explaining the causes of one’s own and others’ behavior.

Question 22

What are the stages of group development according to Tuckman?

Answer 22

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.

Question 23

What did Solomon Asch’s conformity experiment demonstrate?

Answer 23

The influence of group pressure on individual behavior.

Question 24

What did Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment illustrate?

Answer 24

The impact of social roles on behavior.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's structures of personality?

Answer 25

Consciousness.

Question 26

According to Adler's individual psychology, what is the driving force behind personality development?

Answer 26

Inferiority complex.

Question 27

Who proposed the concept of collective unconscious?

Answer 27

Carl Jung.

Question 28

Who first demonstrated classical conditioning?

Answer 28

Ivan Pavlov.

Question 29

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 29

Giving a treat for completing a task.

Question 30

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?

Answer 30

Abraham Maslow.

Question 31

What is associated with the concept of self-actualization?

Answer 31

Carl Rogers.

Question 32

How are the Big Five personality traits typically assessed?

Answer 32

Self-report questionnaires.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 33

Ambition.

Question 34

Why is statistical rarity one criterion used to define abnormality?

Answer 34

Rare behaviors are typically more socially acceptable.

Question 35

What is exorcism historically associated with?

Answer 35

Spiritual or religious practices.

Question 36

What does the DSM-5 stand for?

Answer 36

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.

Question 37

How is panic disorder characterized?

Answer 37

Sudden and repeated attacks of fear.

Question 38

What does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasize?

Answer 38

Identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.

Question 39

What does social influence refer to?

Answer 39

The ways in which individuals influence each other's behavior.

Question 40

What did obedience studies like the Milgram experiment shed light on?

Answer 40

The influence of authority on harmful behavior.

Question 41

Conformity is:

Answer 41

b) Adjusting one's behavior to match that of a group

Question 42

Attribution involves:

Answer 42

d) All of the above

Question 43

The stages of group development include:

Answer 43

a) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Question 44

Solomon Asch's conformity experiment demonstrated:

Answer 44

b) The influence of group pressure on individual behavior

Question 45

Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment illustrated:

Answer 45

a) The impact of social roles on behavior

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's structures of personality?

Answer 46

d) Consciousness

Question 47

According to Adler's individual psychology, the driving force behind personality development is:

Answer 47

b) Inferiority complex

Question 48

Who proposed the concept of collective unconscious?

Answer 48

b) Carl Jung

Question 49

Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by:

Answer 49

a) Ivan Pavlov

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 50

c) Giving a treat for completing a task

Question 51

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?

Answer 51

b) Abraham Maslow

Question 52

Who developed the concept of self-actualization?

Answer 52

c) Carl Rogers

Question 53

The Big Five personality traits are measured using:

Answer 53

c) Self-report questionnaires

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 54

d) Ambition

Question 55

Statistical rarity is one criterion used to define abnormality because:

Answer 55

b) Rare behaviors are typically more socially acceptable

Question 56

Exorcism is historically associated with:

Answer 56

d) Spiritual or religious practices

Question 57

The DSM-5 stands for:

Answer 57

b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Question 58

Panic disorder is characterized by:

Answer 58

c) Sudden and repeated attacks of fear

Question 59

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes:

Answer 59

b) Identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

Question 60

Obedience studies like the Milgram experiment shed light on:

Answer 60

c) The influence of authority on harmful behavior

Question 61

Conformity is:

Answer 61

b) Adjusting one's behavior to match that of a group

Question 62

Attribution involves:

Answer 62

d) All of the above

Question 63

The stages of group development include:

Answer 63

a) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Question 64

Solomon Asch's conformity experiment demonstrated:

Answer 64

b) The influence of group pressure on individual behavior

Question 65

Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment illustrated:

Answer 65

a) The impact of social roles on behavior

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's structures of personality?

Answer 66

d) Consciousness

Question 67

According to Adler's individual psychology, the driving force behind personality development is:

Answer 67

b) Inferiority complex

Question 68

Who proposed the concept of collective unconscious?

Answer 68

b) Carl Jung

Question 69

Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by:

Answer 69

a) Ivan Pavlov

Question 70

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 70

c) Giving a treat for completing a task

Question 71

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?

Answer 71

b) Abraham Maslow

Question 72

Who developed the concept of self-actualization?

Answer 72

c) Carl Rogers

Question 73

The Big Five personality traits are measured using:

Answer 73

c) Self-report questionnaires

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 74

d) Ambition

Question 75

Statistical rarity is one criterion used to define abnormality because:

Answer 75

b) Rare behaviors are typically more socially acceptable

Question 76

Exorcism is historically associated with:

Answer 76

d) Spiritual or religious practices

Question 77

The DSM-5 stands for:

Answer 77

b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Question 78

Panic disorder is characterized by:

Answer 78

c) Sudden and repeated attacks of fear

Question 79

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes:

Answer 79

b) Identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

Question 80

Social influence refers to:

Answer 80

b) The ways in which individuals influence each other's behavior

Question 81

Obedience studies like the Milgram experiment shed light on:

Answer 81

c) The influence of authority on harmful behavior

Question 82

Conformity is:

Answer 82

b) Adjusting one's behavior to match that of a group

Question 83

Attribution involves:

Answer 83

d) All of the above

Question 84

The stages of group development include:

Answer 84

a) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Question 85

Solomon Asch's conformity experiment demonstrated:

Answer 85

b) The influence of group pressure on individual behavior

Question 86

Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment illustrated:

Answer 86

a) The impact of social roles on behavior

Question 87

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's structures of personality?

Answer 87

d) Consciousness

Question 88

According to Adler's individual psychology, the driving force behind personality development is:

Answer 88

d) Self Actualization

Question 89

According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?

Answer 89

a) Id

Question 90

Who developed the concept of archetypes in personality?

Answer 90

b) Carl Jung

Question 91

In behaviorism, learning occurs through:

Answer 91

a) Conditioning

Question 92

The concept of self-efficacy is associated with:

Answer 92

c) Albert Bandura

Question 93

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

Answer 93

d) Isolation

Question 94

The bystander effect refers to:

Answer 94

b) The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in the presence of others

Question 95

Who conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment?

Answer 95

c) Albert Bandura

Question 96

Which theory emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in determining behavior?

Answer 96

c) Social cognitive theory

Question 97

The concept of cognitive dissonance was proposed by:

Answer 97

a) Leon Festinger

Question 98

In the context of group decision-making, groupthink refers to:

Answer 98

b) The tendency for group members to suppress dissenting viewpoints in favor of group harmony

Question 99

Who conducted the famous obedience experiment known as the "shock" study?

Answer 99

b) Stanley Milgram