Psammosere succession Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 main stages of sand dunes?

A
  1. strandline and foredune - young dunes
  2. Yellow dune - mobile dunes
  3. Grey dune and dune slack - semi fixed
  4. dune scrub - fixed-dune grassland
  5. woodland -
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2
Q

What is the name of the final successor?

A

Climatic climax

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3
Q

What is the name of the first plant coming from the ocean?

A

Pioneer species

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4
Q

Why do dunes turn from yellow to grey?

A

More plants grow making the sand more populated meaning there is less sand showing.

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5
Q

What are the main plants in swanage?

A

Marram Grass, water mint and bog cotton

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6
Q

Why are sand dunes a fragile ecosystem

A

Because they are easily broken up through recreation.

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7
Q

Where is the general distribution of sandunes in the UK

A

All around the coasts, however, less on the south and southeast side

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8
Q

What is Biotic and Abiotic.

A

Biotic - plant communities
Abiotic - environmental conditions.

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9
Q

What are the two types of succession

A

Primary - Occurring in lifeless areas, where the soil is incapable of sustaining life

Secondary - where an ecosystem that has previously existed has been removed

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10
Q

What is zonation

A

variation of species or communities over a particular area.

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11
Q

Why are there no plants in the strandline

A

High tides or storm tides leave the sand inhospitable for plant growth. Due to it being Dry, salty, unstable and lacking nutrients

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12
Q

What happens the further you go inland to
1. pH
2. % Calcium carbonate
3. % Humus
4. Soil colour

A
  1. pH - Decreases (More acidic)
  2. % Calcium Carbonate - Decreases from 10 to >0.1
  3. % humus - increases from <1 to >40
  4. Soil colour - Yellow - Grey - Brown
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13
Q

What occurrs at fixed dunes

A
  • Vegetation forms a cover on sand, so it is ‘fixed’.
  • Still a stressful environment with low nutrient status.
  • Dunes may have grazing and trampling
  • organic layer has started to form on the soil surface
  • Wild Thyme grows if grazed by rabbits
  • Creeping willow if left alone
  • lack of grazing causes woody plants which will form scrub
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14
Q

Dune slack

A
  • Areas between sandy hills may be damp or have standing water
  • Can have lime-loving species or can be rich with rarities like Natterjack Toad
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15
Q

Purpose of sand dune management

A

Sand dune development is largely about increasing the stabilisation of loose sand.

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16
Q

Different strategies

A

No walking zones
Replanting of vegetation