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Prescribing > PSA mocks > Flashcards

PSA mocks Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first line treatment of DVT or PE

A

apixaban or rivaroxaban

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2
Q

what is an appropriate infusion rate for maintenance fluids?

A

500ml over 4-6hrs
or
1L over 8-12hrs

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3
Q

what is the anticipated daily potassium requirement per day?

A

1mmol/kg/day

Hartmanns doesnt have enough K in for some pts. it should be NaCl 0.9% + Kcl 0.3%

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4
Q

starting dose for primary prevention of CV events statins are ……

A

20mg atorvastatin

as opposed to 10mg for cholesterol lowering

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5
Q

what time of day should you take statins?

A

night

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6
Q

ibuprofen and ACEis

A

less renal blood flow - renal impairment

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7
Q

does pioglitazone cause hypos?

A

yes.

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8
Q

does metformin cause hypos?

A

NO.

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9
Q

name 3 drugs that can cause urinary retention

A

anticholinergics
benzos
opioids!

but also: CCBs, antihistamines

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10
Q

if you’re getting confused about whether a drug causes confusion, think about whethers its site of action is in:

A

the CNS

e.g. metoclopramide, morphine, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics.

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11
Q

what is the triad of wernickes encephalopathy?

A

opthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion

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12
Q

as well as IV sodium chloride, what is the treatment for DKA?

A

fixed rate insulin infusion 0.1 units/kg/hr

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13
Q

what dose of folic acid for a pregnant woman at HIGH risk of conceiving a child w neural tube defects?

A

5mg daily

for low risk 400mcg

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14
Q

should take folic acid until which wk of preg

A

peri-conception to wk 12

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15
Q

can gliclazide cause hypos?

A

yes - its a suphonylurea

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16
Q

does HRT increase risk of breast cancer?

A

yes.

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17
Q

what does a 0.1%solution mean?

A

it means 0.1g per 100ml

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18
Q

what is a 100% solution

A

100g per 100ml

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19
Q

what is a 50% solution

A

50g per 100ml

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20
Q

a 0.1% solution is contains how many mg

A

0.1% solution = 0.1g per 100ml

= 100mg per 100ml

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21
Q

common SE of methotrexate which needs monitoring w FBC?

A

leucopenia

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22
Q

how does gentamicin cause ototoxicity?

A

damages vestibular nerve

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23
Q

why does clarithromycin interact w simvastatin to muscles aching

A

its a CYP450 inhibitor

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24
Q

which blood test is good for monitoring the beneficial effects of allopurinol rx

A

serum urate

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25
Q

what kind of drug is allopurinol

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

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26
Q

best measure of fluid replacement in early stages

A

BP

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27
Q

two renal adverse effects of lithium

A

nephrotic syndrome

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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28
Q

when starting HRT what should you monitor?

A

BP (can raise it)

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29
Q

how raised do your transaminases have to be to stop statins?

A

3 times the upper limit

test transaminases before rx, at 3 months and 12 months

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30
Q

pulmonary oedema which requires immediate treatment. what is the IV furosemide dose range?

A

IV furosemide 20-50mg

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31
Q

what is the alternative to dalteparin (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis?

A

rivaroxaban

remember, the dose of dalteparin is higher if theyre high risk

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32
Q

give two other LMWH as well as dalteparin

A

tinzaparin

enoxaparin

33
Q

what is the first line IV treatment of hypoglycaemia?

A

glucose 20% 100ml over 20 mins

34
Q

why don’t you use IV glucose 50% in treatment of hypoglycaemia ?

A

hypertonic - risks extravasation

35
Q

why don’t you use IV glucose 5% in treatment of hypoglycaemia?

A

too weak - too large a volume would be required

36
Q

how many grams in 10% solution

A

10% solution = 10g in 100ml

37
Q

how many grams in 1% solution

A

1% solution = 1g in 100ml

38
Q

how any grams in 20% solution

A

20% solution = 20g in 100ml

39
Q

what has lymecylcine taught you

A

READ THE RIGHT DOSE FOR THE RIGHT INDICATION

40
Q

apart from lymecycline for acne, what are some other abx choices?

A

oxytetracycline
doxycycline
tetracycline
erythromycin

41
Q

is aspirin stopped before surgery?

A

yes - antiplts should be stopped up to 7 days before surgery

42
Q

why withold allopurinol in renal dysfunction?

A

can accumulate

43
Q

do steroids contribute to hyperglycaemia?

A

yes

44
Q

can steroids cause confusion?

A

yes

45
Q

if looking for serious prescriptions errors where shouldn’t you forget to look

A

frequency column - e.g. might say weekly when its supposed to be daily

46
Q

can you use fentanyl nasal spray for breakthrough pain?

A

yes

47
Q

nitrofurantoin should be avoided when…?

A

eGFR <45

can use short course trimethoprim even if folate def

48
Q

what do you give if INR >1.5 the day before surgery?

A

oral vit K

reverse the last bit of warfarin to stop bleeding

49
Q

what do you have to watch out in the first 4 wks of starting sertraline?

A

suicidal ideation may worsen

50
Q

should rivaroxaban be taken w food?

A

yes

51
Q

how many nanograms in a microgram?

A

1000

52
Q

which antibiotic commonly causes jaundice?

A

co-amoxiclav

53
Q

what do you do if there is a small rise in serum creatinine on starting an ACE inhibitor

A

normal. don’t need to change drug. repeat U&Es after 1 wk.

54
Q

what parameter indicates effective treatment of oedema w furosemide?

A

weight

55
Q

what is a serious adverse effect of carbimazole?

A

neutropenia

  • monitor FBC (WCC)
  • watch out for sore throat
56
Q

what are the most serious adverse effects of ciclosporin?

A

nephrotoxicity
and hypertension

check U&Es @baseline and every 2 wks until stable!

57
Q

whats the most appropriate way to manage a transient rise in blood glucose caused by corticosteroids?

A

a 10% increase in the usual dose

58
Q

which anti emetic DOESNT prolong QT

A

cyclizine (antihistamine)

59
Q

whats the usual antiemetic for post op nausea and vomiting

A

ondansetron

60
Q

vomitnig for 3 days, needs fluid resuscitation?

A

hartmanns 500ml bolus over 15 mins

61
Q

what is the treatment of croup?

A

dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg

62
Q

can naproxen cause ankle swelling?

A

yes

63
Q

are beta blockers bad in peripheral vascular disease?

A

yes

64
Q

what is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

pen V (phenoxymethylpenicillin)

65
Q

Pen G is what?

A

benpen

66
Q

gemifobrozil + simva =

A

mytoxicity

67
Q

CK above 5 times upper limit?

A

stop statin then reintroduce at lower dose

68
Q

do u need longer treatment for thrush in pregnancy?

A

yes

69
Q

first line therapy for C.diff infections?

A

metronidazole

70
Q

recurrent C.diff therapy?

A

vancomycin (metronidazole has failed or not tolerated)

71
Q

pt in DKA. should you continue their long acting insulin while theyre on fixed rate insulin infusion?

A

yeh

stop short acting

72
Q

simplest initial approach to acute pain in personal who might be vulnerable to SEs of nsaids or opiates

A

paracetamol

73
Q

when should loperamide be taken

A

after each loose stool

74
Q

can tramadol help precipitate serotonin syndrome?

A

yar!

75
Q

when should you stop a COCP according to BP

A

if BP >160/90 (tips into cat 4)

76
Q

if on apixaban report what immediately

A

bleeding and bruising

77
Q

which form of opiate accumulates less in renal impairment?

A

oxycodone

cos of the way its metabolised

78
Q

someone has thyrotoxicosis with amiodarone. do what?

A

withdraw temporarily to achieve control

Prescribing (5 decks)

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