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Prescribing Safety Assessment > PSA mock > Flashcards

PSA mock Flashcards

1
Q

Likely contributors to renal failure

A

Ibuprofen (NSAID)
Ramipril

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2
Q

Drugs that can contribute to dehydration

A

Diuretics

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3
Q

Advice for taking alendronic acid

A

Should be taken on an empty stomach

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4
Q

Side effects of morphine

A

Confusion
Respiratory depression

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5
Q

Monitoring response to steroids in polymyalgia rheumatica, what should you ask after the first week?

A

Have the muscle pains subsided

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6
Q

Common side effect of adenosine

A

Chest tightness

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7
Q

Mx of supraventricular tachycardia after vasovagal manouvres

A

Adenosine

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8
Q

Why is it bad to give furosemide alongside lithium?

A

Furosemide decreases GFR
So less clearance of lithium

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9
Q

Symptoms of lithium toxicity

A

Confusion
GI disturbance
Drowsiness
Tremor

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10
Q

Why are NSAIDs bad for the kidneys?

A

They inhibit COX, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, reducing GFR

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11
Q

Why should alendronic acid be taken standing up, 30 mins before breakfast on an empty stomach?

A

Promote absorption
Reduce rates of oesphageal ulceration

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12
Q

Why does morphine cause constipatoon?

A

Acts on opiod receptors in the bowel, reducing peristalsis

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13
Q

What should you give alongside morphine?

A

Laxative

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14
Q

Raised CK and weakness in the muscles =>

A

Dermatomyositis (skin rash, heliotrope)
Polymyositis

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15
Q

Pain the muscles and stiffness =>

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

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16
Q

Rash in dermatomyositis

A

Heliotrope (around the eyes)

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17
Q

Which condition is polymyalgia rheumatica linked with?

A

Temporal arteritis

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18
Q

How does aldosterone alter potassium levels?

A

Excretes them

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19
Q

Why do angiotensin blockers (ramipril) increase K+ levles

A

Reduced angiotensin 2 levels lead to decreased aldosterone levels, reducing potassium excretion

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20
Q

What should you prescribe alongside morphine?

A

Anti-emetic e.g. metoclopramide (don’t give this if bowel issues)

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21
Q

Typical adult morphine prescription

A

Morphine, 10mg, IV, once only over 10 minutes

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22
Q

Drug treatment for oral thrush

A

Nystatin

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23
Q

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

A

Tented T waves
Bradycardia
Absent P waves

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24
Q

What type of drug is spironolactone?

A

An aldosterone angtagonist

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25
Q

What type of drug is furosemide

A

Loop diuretic

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26
Q

What can statins cause? Raising CK

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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27
Q

Important advice for patients beginning carbimazole therapy

A

Report any infections to the GP as there is a risk of agranulocytosis

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28
Q

What type of drug is prednisolone?

A

Glucocorticoid

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29
Q

Why do steroids induce hyperglycaemia?

A

It is a glucocorticoid, it stimulates gluconeogenesis

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30
Q

What blood measure can be used to determine treatment response to antibiotics in the first 72hr?

A

CRP

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31
Q

How long after pneumonia treatment should you do a repeat chest X-ray?

A

6 weeks later

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32
Q

Which common drugs cause hypertryglyceridaemia?

A

Thiazide diuretics (bendoflumethazide)

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33
Q

2 good drugs to start off asthma treatment

A

Salbutamol
Ipratropium

34
Q

Treatment to terminate seizures

A

IV lorazepam

35
Q

Bolus fluid prescription

A

Sodium chloride 0.9%, 500ml, IV, over 30 minutes

36
Q

Anaphylaxis in adult, first drug to give (written as a prescription)

A

Adrenaline, 500, micrograms, IM, once only

37
Q

Why does aspirin cause gastric ulcers?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin production, reducing gastric protection

38
Q

Why should ACEi be stopped in pregnancy?

A

Alter foetal and maternal blood pressure control

39
Q

Safest painkiller oin liver disease (albeit at a low dose)

A

Paracetamol

40
Q

What type of drugs, used in heart failure can worsen psoriasis

A

Beta blockers
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol

41
Q

Acceptable range of glucose before surgery

A

4-12

42
Q

Why dont you give insulin on an empty stomach?

A

Risk of hypoglycaemia

43
Q

In general, how much does 1U of insulin drop BM?

A

By 3

44
Q

How many units of actrapid do you give in hyperkalaemia?

A

10U

45
Q

Mx of hyperkalaemia

A

10ml 10% calcium gluconate
Bicarbonate
Insulin (10U actrapid)
Glucose
K
Drop (dialysis)

46
Q

Complication of long term steroid use

A

Osteoporosis

47
Q

Initial treatment of hypercalcaemia in dehydration

A

1L 0.9% saline IV infusion over 1 hour

48
Q

Treatment of hypercalcaemia in malignany

A

Pamidronate (used to protect bone)

49
Q

Initial treatment of hypoglycaemia in drowsy patient with no IV access

A

Glucagon 1mg IM STAT

50
Q

Treatment for asymptomatic hypoglycaemia

A

Glucotabs

51
Q

In an acute, life threatening asthma attack, what do you give after nebulisers?

A

Hydrocortisome IV

52
Q

Drug to clear fluid in pulmonary oedema

A

Furosemide IV 40mg
(because resistant oedema)

53
Q

1st line anti-emetic in hyperesmesis gravidarum?

A

Cyclizine

54
Q

What type of drug is cyclizine

A

Antihistamine

55
Q

What type of drup is promethazine?

A

Antihistamine

56
Q

What are haptoglobin and platelet levels in HUS?

A

Low

57
Q

What does haptoglobin do in the body?

A

Mops up lysed haemoglobin!

58
Q

Diabetes drugs that can cause hypoglycaemia

A

Pioglitazone
Insulin
Acarbose (but only a little bit)

59
Q

Which drugs can mask hypoglycaemic symptoms?

A

Beta blockers (bisoprolol)

60
Q

Which drugs can interact with warfarin and cause increased INR?

A

Statins
They are also CYP450 medications
Can increase warfarins anticoagulant effet

61
Q

What does ramipril reduce the breakdown of, resulting in a cough?

A

Bradykinin

62
Q

Who shouldn’t get prescribed ACEi?

A

Asthmatics
Hyperkalaemia
Renal failure (acute)

63
Q

What is the enzyme that metabolises alcohol to acetaldehyde?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

64
Q

Good thing to monitor to see if good response to asthma treatment?

A

PEFR

65
Q

Which statin do you give first line?

A

Atorvostatin
Can also use simvastatin

66
Q

High risk of neural tube defect dose of folic acid

A

5mg PO once daily

67
Q

Treatment of urticaria

A

Anti-histamines

68
Q

What should you avoid when on anti-histamines?

A

Alcohol
You can get drowsy

69
Q

Treatment of urticaria

A

Loratadine 10mg oral once a day

70
Q

Sudden onset, widespread itchy skin rash =>

A

Urticaria

71
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

72
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Permethin 5% dermal cream
1 application (because cover whole body)

73
Q

Mx of reflux in paediatrics (regurgitating infant)

A

Gaviscon sachet

74
Q

Treatment of urinary urgency incontinence

A

Oxybutynin Hydrochloride IR

75
Q

Why dont you prescribe morphine as required?

A

May overdose

76
Q

Cut off for trying diet and exercise to lower glucose in pregnancy

A

<7mmol/L

77
Q

How often should young people with T1DM check their glucose levels?

A

5 times a day or more

78
Q

What must the patient do when on sulphonyureas?

A

Eat regular meals
Risk of hypoglycaemia

79
Q

Rate of maintenance fluids/day in normal adult

A

25-30ml/kg/day

80
Q

HTN drug that causes bilateral leg swelling

A

Amlodipine

Prescribing Safety Assessment (27 decks)

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