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PSA Key points > psa cheat sheat > Flashcards

psa cheat sheat Flashcards

1
Q

Appendix 1 interactions pages

A
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2
Q

list the 10 calculation types

A
  1. Changing units
  2. Divided doses
  3. Volumes
  4. Dilutions
  5. Percentages
  6. Rates
  7. Ratios
  8. ‘How much more’
  9. ‘How many’
  10. Conversions
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3
Q

mass conversion units

A

1000 nanograms (ng) = 1 microgram (mcg)
1000 micrograms (mcg) = 1 milligram (mg)
1000 milligrams (mg) = 1 gram (g)

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4
Q

what is important for 1.changing units

A
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5
Q

what are the key points for 2.divided doses type questions

A
  • do not miss it
  • remember to convert units if needed
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6
Q

key points and formula for 3.volumes questions

A

“What volume (ml) of [drug] is required?”
“What volume (ml) of [drug] should be given intravenously”
- not the dose and concentration
- check units

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7
Q

where can body surface area be found

A
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8
Q

key points for 4.dilutions questions

A

“What volume (ml) of diluted [drug] should be given intravenously? “
“What volume (ml) of sodium chloride 0.9% is required for this dilution?”
“What volume (ml) of glucose 5% is required for this dilution?”

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9
Q

what does this mean: “Drug B is initially available as a 2.5mg/1ml suspension but requires dilution with an equal volume of sodium chloride 0.9% prior to use.”

A

1ml + 1ml (adding equal amount) = 2ml

3.2.5mg/1ml = initial concentration
2.5mg/2ml = diluted concentration (x2, 1:2 dilution)

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10
Q

what dose this mean: “Drug B is initially available in 10ml ampoules of 50mg/25ml with each ampoule subsequently diluted with 90ml of sodium chloride 0.9% prior to use.”

A

10ml of drug with 90ml of diluting solution
1 part drug to 9 parts solution = 1:10 dilution
x10
25ml x 10 = 250ml
50mg/250ml is diluted concentration

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11
Q

how would you approach this question

A

note the given information
1. initial concentration
2. diluted concentration
3. diluted volume

Note what you need to calculate
1. dose (this doesn’t change) - use the diluted volume and diluted concentration (or whatever you have both of)
2. initial volume using the dose you calculated

what is the question asking for? - in this case what volume of the solution needs to be added to dilute the dose - diluted volume - initial volume

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12
Q

what does concentration mean eg. 25mg/5ml

A

25mg - amount of drug
5ml - volume of drug solution
so 25mg in a 5ml solution

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13
Q

what does this mean: “Drug B is initially available at a concentration of 2mg/5ml. 1 part of drug B is diluted with 9 parts of glucose 5% prior to use.”

A

1:10 dilution (x10)
2mg/50ml is diluted concentration

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14
Q

what does this mean: “Drug B is initially available at a concentration of 5mg/1ml. This must be diluted 1-in-20 with sodium chloride 0.9% prior to use.”

A

dilution 1:20 (x20)
5mg/(1ml x 20)
5mg/20ml - final concentration

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15
Q

key points for 5.rates questions

A
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16
Q

important thing not to miss when providing the answer for this question

A

convert min to hours (x60)

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17
Q

key points with 6.percantages

A
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18
Q

key points about percentages

A
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19
Q

key points about 7.ratios questions

A
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20
Q

key points about how much more questions

A

What additional volume (ml) of [drug] can the patient receive before reaching the maximal dose?

volume = dose/concentration
Calculate the maximal volume:
maximum dose =
Concentration = eg. % = g in mls =g/ml
maximum volume = max dose / concentration
Work out the answer by maximal volume - received volume:
max volume - received volume = answer

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21
Q

key points about 9.how many more questions

A

eg. “How many 250mg vials of drug B does she require to last her 7 days?”

work out dose
note how much each vial contains
work out how many vials would be needed - eg. dose/amount in vials
round if needed eg. vials need to be discarded
work out how many for 1 day
work out how many for days needed

Steps:
Calculate dose
Calculate vials needed per dose…then per day…then per week

“How many 100ml bottles of drug B does she require to last her 6 weeks?”
Steps:
Calculate dose
Convert units
Calculate bottles needed per dose…then per day…then per week…then per 6 weeks

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22
Q

key points about conversions

A

“What volume of FerroEss syrup (to the nearest 5ml) is required per day to meet the elemental iron content of her ferrous fumerate tablets?”

Ferrous fumerate 210mg tablets = 70mg elemental iron
70mg x 2 = 140mg elemental iron per day = dose

FerroEss syrup = 45mg/5ml elemental iron = concentration

volume = dose/concentration

volume = 140mg / (45mg/5ml)
= 15.6ml
= 15ml (to the nearest 5ml)

*distractor

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23
Q

oral morphine to subcut conversion

A

total oral morphine dose + breakthrough doses divided by 2

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24
Q

calculations cheat sheet

A
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25
Q

what are the four fluids to remember?

A
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26
Q

where can you find fluid amounts on BNF

A
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27
Q

what are the fluid daily requirements

A
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28
Q

summarise the fluid chart algorithm

A
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29
Q

what should you give in emergency resuscitation

A

sodium chloride 0.9% 500ml 10m

30
Q

indications for emergency resuscitation

A

shock or severe dehyration (Hypotension, tachycardia, reduced capillary refill or other evidence of hypovolaemia)

31
Q

fluid for Emergency hypoglycaemia?

A

fluid for glucose 20% 100ml 15m

32
Q

fluid for Emergency hypokalaemia?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% / potassium chloride 0.3% 1000ml 4h

33
Q

fluids for Emergency hypercalcaemia?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% 1000ml 4h

34
Q

Maintenance fluids without deficits or losses

A

25-30ml/kg/24h water
1mmol/kg/24h Na and K
50-100g/24h glucose

(aim 1000ml 8-12h)

35
Q

Maintenance fluids with deficits or losses e.g. Na or K low, vomiting, diarrhoea

A

minimum 30ml/kg/24h water
ensure electrolytes replaced

(aim 1000ml 4-6h)

36
Q

summarise the flowchart for children

A
37
Q

fluid for emergency resuscitation for children?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% 10ml/kg 10m

38
Q

Maintenance fluids without deficits or losses in children

A
  • 100ml/kg/24h for < 10kg
  • 50ml/kg/24h for 10-20kg
  • 20ml/kg/24h for >20kg
39
Q

what is the perfect 24 hour maintenance regime

A
40
Q

symptoms of hypercalcaemia

A
41
Q

ECG sign of hypercalcaemia

A

ECG changes? Shortened QT

42
Q

multiple myeloma signs

A
43
Q

how does fluid help hypercalcaemia

A

Why? Hydration, increasing salt intake and forcing diuresis

44
Q

causes of hypercalcaemia

A

Causes? Primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Paget disease, thiazide diuretics

45
Q

signs of hypokalaemia

A

Symptoms/signs? Metabolic alkalosis, arrythmias, muscle weakness, reduced reflexes, constipation

46
Q

ecg changes in hypokalaemia

A

ECG changes? ‘In hypokalaemia U have no Pot or no T but a long PR and a long QT’

47
Q

maximum rate of replacing potassium

A

Remember you can’t replace K faster than 10mmol/h
potassium chloride 0.3% (40mmol) minimum 4h
potassium chloride 0.15% (20mmol) minimum 2h

48
Q

how to tackle maintancne only but previous bag given questions

A
49
Q

summarise the fluids cheat sheet

A
50
Q

summarise the NICE hypertension diagnsois and treatment chart

A
51
Q

summarise the hypertension treatment chart

A
52
Q

Tips and tricks to navigate the BNF

A
53
Q

how does AND/OR work

A
54
Q

points for interaction checker

A
55
Q

how to confirm a link between a drug and side effect

A
56
Q

what to find in medicines guidance

A
57
Q

what to access if you cant remember management of condition

A
58
Q

prescribing in palliative care for converting morphine to patches

A
59
Q

prescribing in palliative care for converting morphine to different routes and between opiods

A
60
Q

when to use medical emergencies in the community and whats in it

A
61
Q

where can you find key information for side effects

A
62
Q

what does cautionary and advisory labels contain

A
63
Q

important considerations for contains a serious prescribing error questions

A
64
Q

common side effects and drugs that cause them

A

Haematemesis
Dyspepsia
Dehydration
Candida
Hypotension
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Cough
Ankle swelling
QT prolongation
Raised cholesterol

65
Q

other important side effects and appendix 1

A
66
Q

common electrolyte disturbances and their causes

A
67
Q

common drugs to be continued or stopped

A
68
Q

common conditions to worsen with certain drugs and list them

A
69
Q

important knowledge tested appendix b

A
70
Q
A

PSA Key points (9 decks)

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