prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

General guidelines for post-operative nausea and vomiting. drugs that you can use

A
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2
Q

route for vomiting

A

IV or IM

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2
Q

Drug to be used for postoperative nausea and vomiting with QT prolongation and taking an antipsychotic

A

cyclizine 50mg/mL injection - IM or IV 3 times daily

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3
Q

What disease does a demarcated vesicular painful rash on face in mandibular region in an immunocompromised patient indicate

A

shingles

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4
Q

What does the BNF state about the treatment of shingles

A
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5
Q

antivirals for shingles

A

aciclovir, valacliclovir, famaciclovir

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6
Q

dose for aciclovir for shingles

A

800 mg PO 5 times daily

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7
Q

Indication for emergency resuscitation fluid

A

hypotension, tachycardia, prolonged vomiting, AKI

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8
Q

what in this case indicated emergency resus of fluids

A

Hypotension: Blood pressure is low at 100/50 mmHg, which can indicate hypovolemia or shock.

Tachycardia: The heart rate of 115/min suggests a compensatory response to hypovolemia or dehydration.

Elevated urea and creatinine: Urea (14 mmol/L) and creatinine (130 µmol/L) levels suggest pre-renal acute kidney injury, likely secondary to dehydration from vomiting.

History of vomiting for 3 days: Prolonged vomiting can lead to significant fluid and electrolyte losses, causing hypovolemia.

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9
Q

IV fluid resuscitation choice

A
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10
Q

IV fluid resuscitation optimal options

A
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11
Q

first line drug for type 2 diabetes

A
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12
Q

metformin dose

A

500mg tablets

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13
Q

when to give metformin modified release

A

GI side effects with standard treatment

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14
Q

What is the condition and Which drug to prescribe for this

A

pulmonary oedema

dose is between 20 - 50 mg. Route is IV once only

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15
Q

what is the treatment for pulmonary oedema - where can you find this info

A

Diueretics treatment summary

https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/diuretics/

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16
Q
A

VTE prophylaxis for majoor orthopaedic surgery

  • LMWH or Rivaroxaban

optimal is 40 mg. Route is SC

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17
Q

Where can you find information for VTE prophylaxis

A

https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/venous-thromboembolism/

venous thromboembolism treatment summary

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18
Q

LMWH drugs

A

enoxaparin sodium, Tinzaparin sodium, dalteparin sodium,

19
Q

DOAC that can be used for VTE prophylaxis in elective hip patients

A

rivaroxaban 10mg tablets PO

20
Q

fluid for this?

A

emergency hypoglycaemia

  • need rapid glucose restoration
21
Q

where to find treatment summary for hypoglycaemia

A

Hypoglycaemia
https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/hypoglycaemia/

22
Q

For inpatients which plasma blood glucose concentration should be treated

A

< 4 mmol/litre

23
Q

fluid of choice for emergency hypoglycaemia

A
  • infusion of glucose 10% (150-200ml) or 20% (75-100ml).
  • Deliver between 15-20g glucose
  • in 15 minutes or less (so can also be 2, 5 or 10 mins)
24
What is the treatment for this
lymecycline or doxycycline to add to the benzoyl peroxide in this patient with moderate to severe BNFc - acne look up age for dosing
25
which treatment summary for acne drug choice
acne https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/acne/
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28
Monotherapy, with either aspirin, ibuprofen, or a 5HT1-receptor agonist (‘triptan’) is recommended as first-line treatment and should be taken as soon as the patient knows that they are developing a migraine (start of headache phase). Could also give ibuprofen 200mg tablets and other doses/forms and naproxen 500mg tablets NOTE: Given the patients Current bP and hx of hypertension, triptans would be suboptimal
29
When shouldn't you use triptans
>135/85 hypertension Contra-indications For sumatriptan Coronary vasospasm; ischaemic heart disease; **mild uncontrolled hypertension; moderate and severe hypertension**; peripheral vascular disease; previous cerebrovascular accident; previous myocardial infarction; previous transient ischaemic attack; Prinzmetal's angina
30
what is the diagnosis
TIA - transient ishcaemic attack
31
can also use dabigatran extelilate, edoxaban, rivaroxaban,
32
what is the diagnosis
oropharyngeal candiasis
33
which treatment summary for oral candiasis
oropharyngeal fungal infections
34
remember dose can also be written in ml
35
diagnosis
hypoglycaemia https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/hypoglycaemia/
36
fluid for emergency hypoglycaemia
glucose 20% 100ml 15mins or less
37
diagnosis
severe dehydration - hypotension - needs emergency resus fluids
38
other options include hartmanns solution, ringers solution and plasmalyte the child weights 25kg therefore 250ml given over less than 10 min is correct 10ml/kg
39
NOTE: Not 15mg - 5 mg once daily for 4 months (until term in pregnant women), doses up to 15 mg per day may be required in malabsorption states. - start at 5mg first
40
41
make sure to do 10% of dose so 9mg
42
NOT PREDNISOLONE
43
tinea corpis
Imidazole antifungals The imidazole antifungals include clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, and tioconazole. They are used for the local treatment of vaginal candidiasis and for dermatophyte infections. Miconazole can be used locally for oral infections; it is also effective in intestinal infections. Systemic absorption may follow use of miconazole oral gel and may result in significant drug interactions. ketoconazole 2% terbinfaine 1% econazole nitrate 1%
44