PS Quarterly Exam Flashcards
Atom
The smallest chemical unit of matter
Molecule
Two or more atoms linked together to form a substance with unique properties
Concentration
The quality of a substance within a certain volume
If something can be broken down, is it an atom or a molecule?
Molecule
Molecules have…
Unique properties
Hydroxycarbonate colors things…
greenish-blue
Have scientists seen atoms?
no
centi
0.01
milli
0.001
kilo
1000
English unit for mass
slug
Metric unit for mass
gram
Metric unit for volume
liter
English unit for volume
gallon
Metric unit for length
meter
English unit for length
foot
Humidity
The moisture content of air
Absolute Humidity
The mass of water vapor contained in a certain volume
Relative Humidity
The ratio of the mass of water vapor in the air at a given temperature to the maximum mass of water vapor the air could hold at that temperature expressed as a percentage
Greenhouse effect
The process by which certain gases trap heat that radiates from earth
Parts per million
The number of molecules or atoms of a substance in a mixture for every one million molecules or atoms in that mixture
Why does sweating cool you down?
Because the water evaporates off your skin and takes energy from your skin in the form of heat
What is the percentage of nitrogen in dry air?
78%
What is the percentage of oxygen in dry air?
21%
What makes up the majority of the air we exhale?
nitrogen
Do we exhale more carbon dioxide or oxygen?
oxygen
10,000 ppm
1 %
Cost/benefit analysis-
To see if the benefit is worth the cost
Atmosphere
The mass of air surrounding a planet
Barometer
An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Homosphere
The lower layer of the earth’s atmosphere
Heterosphere
The upper layer of the earth’s atmosphere
Jet streams
Narrow bands of high speed winds that circle the earth
Heat
Energy that is transferred as a consequence of temperature differences
Temperature
The measure of the energy of random motion in a substances molecules
troposphere
weather layer
stratosphere
ozone layer
homosphere=
troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere
heterosphere=
thermosphere and exosphere
Electrolysis
The use of electricity to break a molecule down into smaller units
Polar molecule
A molecule that has slight positive and negative charges due to an imbalance in the way electrons are shared
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
Cohesion
Individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension
Hard water
Water that has certain dissolved ions in it - predominately calcium and magnesium ions
Why water liquid?
Hydrogen bonding
