PS Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The sum of all water on a planet

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2
Q

Hydrologic cycle

A

The process by which water is continuously exchanged between earth’s various water sources

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3
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from plants into the atmosphere

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4
Q

Condensation

A

The process by which a gas turns into a liquid

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5
Q

Precipitation

A

Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

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6
Q

Distillation

A

Evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out the mixture’s individual components

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7
Q

Residence time

A

The average time a given particle will stay in a given system

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8
Q

Salinity

A

A measure of the mass of dissolved salt in a given mass of water

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9
Q

Firn

A

A dense, icy pack of old snow

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10
Q

Water table

A

The line between the water-saturated soil and the soil not saturated with water

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11
Q

Percolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

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12
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

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13
Q

Cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborne particles that water vapor condenses on to form clouds

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14
Q

The majority of the earth’s water supply

A

Saltwater (ie: Oceans)

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15
Q

The majority of the earth’s freshwater supply

A

Frozen in glaciers and icebergs

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16
Q

The largest source of liquid freshwater

A

Groundwater

17
Q

Ways water can enter the atmosphere in the hydrologic cycle

A

Evaporation & transpiration

18
Q

Four ways a raindrop can eventually end up in a river

A
  1. Surface Runoff 2. Groundwater flow (underground) 3. Absorbed by a plant, then either transpired, condensed, or precipitated 4. Evaporation
19
Q

What hydrologic cycle process puts soil moisture into the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration

20
Q

Where would residence time be shorter: quickly-moving river or lake with no outlets?

A

The quickly-moving river

21
Q

What must a lake have in order for it to contain fresh water?

A

It must have a way to get rid of water other than just evaporation

22
Q

Why is the salinity of the ocean evidence that the earth is not billions of years old?

A

The oceans are not salty enough for the earth to be billions of years old

23
Q

Melted sea ice would taste how?

A

Salty

24
Q

Where do icebergs come from?

A

Glaciers that originate in the mountains

25
Q

Where do glaciers come from?

A

They start on mountains from snow that never completely melts in the summer

26
Q

Why would a ship captain still be worried about a collision after he steered clear of an iceberg?

A

Because 90% of the glacier is underwater and he can still hit the part underwater

27
Q

Comparing two pieces of land with the same kind of grass, and weather, but one with trees and one without, which one has a deeper water table?

A

The one with lots of trees

28
Q

If no energy is added to air, what happens to the temperature when the air expands?

A

The air will cool

29
Q

Will fog be thicker in a dusty area or one free of dust and dirt?

A

The dusty area

30
Q

What kind of cooling is responsible for most cloud formaiotn?

A

Adiabatic

31
Q

What kind of water pollution is the hardest to track back to its source?

A

Groundwater pollution because there is no accurate way to tell where the polluted groundwater came from