PS Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is not a measure of effectiveness safety program?
A
HAZOP
2
Q
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called
A
Threshold Limit Value
3
Q
Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of
A
Industrial Hygiene
4
Q
Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel.
A
Exothermic oxidation
5
Q
______ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner.
A
Explosion
6
Q
______ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.
A
Fire point
7
Q
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building is known as
A
Confined Explosion
8
Q
For material handling, which is the wrong statement?
A
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
9
Q
Who is responsible for ensuring workers are provided with a safe working environment?
A
OSHA
10
Q
PHA stands for
A
Process Hazard Analysis
11
Q
Which of the following is not a guide word of HAZOP?
A
NAND
12
Q
Process of adding inert gas to a combustible mixture to reduce oxygen concentration below LOC
A
Inerting
13
Q
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______
A
Under atmospheric pressure
14
Q
The process that determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effects
A
Hazard identification
15
Q
Hazard is defined as the probability of
A
Suffering harm or loss
16
Q
______ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures.
A
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
17
Q
For ______, the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound
A
Deflagration
18
Q
Static electricity is generated when
A
Mists or sprays pass through orifices
19
Q
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas
A
Mechanical explosion
20
Q
The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
A
Fire triangle
21
Q
What is the toxicity equivalence factor?
A
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical
22
Q
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with ______
A
PPE
23
Q
ED stands for
A
Effective dose
24
Q
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals
A
Toxicological
25
OSHA is part of the __________ department of labor.
US
26
During the ______ phase, various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are studied
Evaluation
27
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to ______
Prevent the release of HW
28
What are the steps involved in the evaluation of toxicity?
Hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
29
______ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
30
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste?
Leakage
31
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ______
Chronic toxicity
32
Which chemical caused acute lung disease in the Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methyl isocyanate
33
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium, and Cyanide affect the ______
Nervous system
34
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
35
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a ______
Safe workplace
36
OSHA was created to ______
Reduce hazards
37
How is sensitivity analyzed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
38
An incident can be called hazardous only when
Stressor has the potential to cause harm
39
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effects of toxins
40
Doses are expressed on a ______ basis
Body-weight
41
Major application of the dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
42
Which valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
43
When did the Seveso accident occur?
1976
44
A waste is considered toxic if its acute oral LD50 concentration is less than ______ mg/kg
2500
45
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long-term exposure
46
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP, is known as
Operating pressure
47
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______
A dose that kills 50% of an exposed population
48
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effects on individuals and population
49
FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime.
FAR
50
The last step of the accident process is
Termination
51
The most common type of LD50 test involves
An oral dose
52
For any given chemical, a high LD50 value generally means
Low toxicity
53
A dose-response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
S-shaped or sigmoidal curve
54
Who said, "It is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison"?
Paracelsus
55
Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects
Local effects and poisoning
56
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace?
Fibers
57
Which organization sets exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
58
The definition of ACGIH TLV_STELs refers to certain health effects that must be avoided except
Carcinogenicity
59
The most well-known OELs are established by
ACGIH
60
The father of occupational medicine, who said a doctor should always ask a patient "What trade are you?"
Dr. Ramazzini
61
What is the most common approach used to assess skin exposure to a contaminant?
Using pad or dosimeters
62
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure is known as
Blowdown
63
The toxicological endpoint for a dose-response relationship should be ______
Definitive
64
Exposure assessment is used to determine
Spatial distribution of contaminants
65
Estimation of short-term and long-term exposure is in terms of ______
Doses by exposure rate
66
Hazard identification mainly focuses on
Chemical source and concentration
67
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source of contamination
68
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short-term exposure
69
The reliability analysis in the process industry is done by
Fault Tree Analysis
70
During which phase are control measures and their effectiveness studied?
Evaluation
71
OSHA is part of which government department?
US
72
What is Eco-toxicology based on?
Toxicological
73
ED stands for
Effective dose
74
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effects
75
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste?
Leakage
76
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effects on individuals and population
77
FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime.
FAR
78
The last step of the accident process is
Termination
79
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______
A dose that kills 50% of an exposed population
80
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure is called
Blowdown
81
What is the most common approach used to assess skin exposure to a contaminant?
Using pad or dosimeters
82
The father of occupational medicine is known as
Dr. Ramazzini
83
Who wrote "Exploring the Dangerous Trades" and influenced OHS regulation in the 20th century?
Dr. Alice Hamilton
84
In what year did the US federal government pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees?
1908
85
The first American state workers compensation act was passed in what year?
1911
86
This American federal act was the first legal adoption of standards for allowable chemical concentrations in the workplace
Waish-Hailey Public Contract Act
87
The most well-known OELs are established by
ACGIH
88
ACGIH TLVs are
Science-based
89
If exposure limits for chemical X are given, the ceiling limit would likely be ______
1000 ppm
90
Which organization sets exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
91
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for?
Ionizing radiation
92
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace?
Fibers
93
Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects
Local effects and poisoning
94
"It is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison" was said by
Paracelsus
95
A dose-response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
S-shaped or sigmoidal curve
96
The chemical that intersects the x-axis (dose) at the lowest dose on a dose-response curve is
The most poisonous
97
The most common type of LD50 test involves
An oral dose
98
For any given chemical, a high LD50 value generally means
Low toxicity
99
Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry for workplace chemicals is incorrect?
Ingestion is usually a significant way chemicals enter the body
100
The two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are
Inflammation and corrosion
101
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is
Lead salts
102
Which chemical is not known to specifically damage the kidney?
Vinyl chloride
103
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures?
Radiological
104
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall protection
105
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
Falls
106
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
107
Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested
Before first use and every 6 months
108
Which of the following is not a measure of effectiveness in a safety program?
HAZOP
109
Threshold Limit Value is the ______ value on a response vs. dose curve
Lowest
110
Identification, evaluation, and control are the phases of
Industrial hygiene
111
Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel
Exothermic oxidation
112
______ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy
Explosion
113
______ is the lowest temperature at which a material’s vapors will ignite when exposed to an ignition source
Fire point
114
An explosion occurring within a vessel or building is known as
Confined Explosion
115
For material handling, which is the wrong statement?
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
116
Who is responsible for ensuring a safe working environment for workers?
OSHA
117
PHA stands for
Process Hazard Analysis
118
Process of adding inert gas to a combustible mixture to reduce oxygen concentration below LOC
Inerting
119
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______
Under atmospheric pressure
120
The process that determines whether exposure to a chemical increases adverse health effects
Hazard identification
121
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short-term exposure
122
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable contamination on site
123
Hazard identification mainly focuses on
Chemical source and concentration
124
Estimation of short-term and long-term exposure is in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
125
Which risk assessment tool determines spatial distribution of contaminants at a site?
Exposure assessment
126
The final stage of risk assessment is
Risk characterization
127
The toxicological endpoint for a dose-response relationship should be ______
Definitive
128
For existing chemicals, always consider ______ exposure assessment based on modeling
Reasonable worst case
129
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on ______ employees working their entire lifetime
1000
130
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
A dose that kills 50% of an exposed population
131
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the reseating pressure is known as
Blowdown
132
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effects
133
FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime
FAR
134
The last step of the accident process is
Termination
135
The father of occupational medicine is known as
Dr. Ramazzini
136
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the nervous system is
Methyl isocyanate
137
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long-term exposure
138
Which is not a chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
139
Which valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
140
Which organization sets exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
141
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall protection
142
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
Falls
143
Which chemical caused the acute lung disease in the Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methyl isocyanate
144
Heavy metals like arsenic and cadmium affect which body system?
Nervous system
145
Which chemical is responsible for chronic kidney damage?
Lead salts
146
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas
Mechanical explosion
147
The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
Fire triangle
148
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to ______
Prevent the release of HW
149
What is Eco-toxicology based on?
Toxicological
150
ED stands for
Effective dose
151
During which phase are control measures and their effectiveness studied?
Evaluation
152
OSHA is part of which government department?
US
153
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) stands for
PHA
154
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with ______
PPE
155
The father of occupational medicine, who said doctors should always ask patients about their trade, is
Dr. Ramazzini
156
What is the pressure difference between the set pressure and reseating pressure in a relief valve?
Blowdown
157
What is the last step of the accident process?
Termination
158
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposure?
Radiological
159
For ______, the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound
Deflagration
160
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long-term exposure
161
Which of the following valve types is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
162
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short-term exposure
163
What is the toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical
164
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with ______
PPE
165
Which is not a characteristic of hazardous waste?
Leakage
166
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effects of toxins
167
Who is responsible for ensuring a safe working environment for workers?
OSHA
168
What are the steps involved in evaluating toxicity?
Hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
169
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long-term exposure
170
The final stage of risk assessment is
Risk characterization
171
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall protection
172
An explosion occurring within a vessel or building is known as
Confined explosion
173
What is the threshold limit value (TLV)?
Lowest value on a response vs. dose curve
174
What is hazard identification mainly focused on?
Chemical source and concentration
175
What is Eco-toxicology based on?
Toxicological
176
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable contamination on site
177
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short-term exposure
178
What is the process of adding inert gas to a combustible mixture called?
Inerting
179
The process that determines whether exposure to a chemical increases adverse health effects
Hazard identification
180
Which of the following is not a guide word of HAZOP?
NAND
181
Which organization sets the most well-known OELs?
ACGIH
182
What is the main chemical responsible for the Seveso disaster?
Dioxin
183
Which type of explosion results from sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas?
Mechanical explosion
184
What is the minimum oxygen concentration required for ignition to occur?
0.16
185
What is the main purpose of conducting a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)?
To identify and evaluate process hazards
186
What does the fire triangle consist of?
Fuel, oxidizer, and ignition source
187
What is the significance of a Threshold Limit Value (TLV)?
It represents the occupational exposure limit
188
What is the key concept behind Fault Tree Analysis?
To identify failure pathways leading to an undesired event
189
What is the meaning of LD50 in toxicology?
A dose that kills 50% of the test population
190
What is the purpose of using PPE in the workplace?
To protect employees from hazards
191
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
192
What are the three main types of hazard classifications in industrial hygiene?
Chemical, physical, and biological hazards
193
What is chronic exposure?
Repeated exposure over a long period
194
What is acute exposure?
Short-term exposure to a substance
195
What is the fire point of a material?
The lowest temperature at which vapors ignite
196
What chemical was responsible for the Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methyl isocyanate
197
What is an example of a corrosive substance?
Sulfuric acid
198
What is the key component of a confined space safety program?
Atmospheric monitoring
199
What is the main cause of falls in construction sites?
Lack of fall protection
200
What is the purpose of a safety relief valve?
To prevent overpressure in vessels
201
What is the boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)?
Explosion due to the rupture of a vessel containing superheated liquid
202
What is the role of OSHA in workplace safety?
Enforce safety standards and regulations
203
What is the significance of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)?
Sets exposure limits for ionizing radiation
204
What are the two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals?
Inflammation and corrosion
205
What is the FAR (Fatal Accident Rate) used for?
To measure fatalities per 1000 workers over their lifetime
206
Which agency is responsible for registering and regulating toxic chemicals?
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
207
What is the primary cause of acute toxicity?
Short-term exposure to high concentrations
208
What is the typical duration of exposure considered for chronic toxicity studies?
More than 3 months
209
What is the main goal of risk characterization?
To estimate the likelihood of adverse effects
210
Which type of explosion occurs when the reaction front propagates at a speed greater than the speed of sound?
Detonation
211
What is the key difference between deflagration and detonation?
Deflagration is subsonic, detonation is supersonic
212
What is the main purpose of using inert gas in purging processes?
To reduce oxygen concentration below the LOC
213
Which process is used to evaluate the spatial distribution of contaminants at a site?
Exposure assessment
214
What is the most common method for assessing skin exposure to contaminants?
Using pads or dosimeters
215
What is the primary purpose of using a blowdown valve?
To reduce excess pressure
216
What is the role of the Toxicity Equivalence Factor (TEF)?
To compare the toxicity of a chemical relative to a reference compound
