PRTST Flashcards
1
Q
basic functional and structural unit of life
A
CELL
2
Q
Cell Membrane
A
• PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• GLYCOPROTEIN and GLYCOLIPIDS
• CHOLESTEROL
• ARACHIDONIC ACID
3
Q
Powerhouse of the cell, produced ATP (energy)
A
MITOCHONDRION
4
Q
Cell wall of plants
A
CELLULOSE
5
Q
Cell wall of Bacteria
A
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
6
Q
Cell wall of fungi
A
CHITIN
7
Q
Protein synthesis
A
RIBOSOMES
8
Q
Prokaryotes ribosome
A
30s, 50s = 70s
9
Q
Eukaryotes ribosomes
A
40s, 60s = 80s
10
Q
- Suicide bag of the cell
- has enzyme and free radicals (when released will cause APOPTOSIS)
A
LYSOSOMES
11
Q
Days of Red blood cells
A
120 days
12
Q
Hemolytic anemia
A
<120
13
Q
Lipid synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum
A
SMOOTH ER
14
Q
Protein synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum
A
ROUGH ER
15
Q
Packaging and storage of substances in the cell
A
GOLGI APPARATUS
16
Q
Control center of the cell
A
NUCLEUS
17
Q
Building blocks of protein
A
AMINO ACID
18
Q
Building blocks of lipids
A
FATTY ACID / GLYCEROL
19
Q
Building blocks of carbohydrates
A
MONOSACCHARIDE
20
Q
Building blocks of nucleic acid
A
NUCLEOTIDES
21
Q
How many chromosomes do we have?
A
46 chromosomes
22
Q
Site of ribosome assembly
A
NUCLEOLUS
23
Q
The first product of photosynthesis
A
CARBOHYDRATES
24
Q
Sucrose is a _____ sugar
A
NONREDUCING
25
Glucose and Fructose are _____ sugar
INVERT
26
Sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed further
MONOSACCHARIDE
27
Aldehydes of ketone alcohols that contain C H O
CARBOHYDRATES
28
Aldehexose
GLUCOSE
29
Most important carbohydrates
HEXOSES
30
Dextrose, blood sugar, grape sugar, physiologic sugar
GLUCOSE
31
-Ketohexose
-reducing sugar
-fruit sugar; sweet fruits and honey
FRUCTOSE
32
aka LEVULOSE, the sweetest sugar monosaccharide
FRUCTOSE
33
Test for Glucose
MOORE’S TEST
34
Test for Fructose
SELIWENOFF’S TEST
35
Test for Galactose
MUCIC ACID TEST
36
Mannose test
OSAZONE TEST
37
also know as BRAIN SUGAR, readily absorbed in the intestines; biosynthesized in mammary glands
GALACTOSE
38
Found in gum arabica/acacia
ARABINOSE
39
Sugar Found in RNA
RIBOSE
40
Sugar found in DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE
41
Glucose + Fructose
SUCROSE
42
Glucose + Glucose (a-1,4)
MALTOSE
43
Glucose + Glucose (b1,4)
CELLYBOISE
44
- Glucose + Galactose
- also know as MILK SUGAR
LACTOSE
45
Product of starch degradation
DEXTRIN
46
Polysaccharides/Glycans Sugar
• STARCH
• GLYCOGEN
• CELLULOSE
• CHITIN
47
The sum total of all chemical reactions needed to maintain life.
METABOLISM
48
Building up
ANABOLISM
49
Breaking down
CATABOLISM
50
Combination of building up and breaking down (Ex. kreb’s cycle)
AMPHIBOLISM
51
Energy consuming
ANABOLISM
52
Energy producing
CATABOLISM
53
- energy currency of the cell
- storage
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
54
Glycolysis
GLUCOSE - PYRUVATE
55
Intermediate step
PYRUVATE - ACETYL COA
56
KREB’S CYCLE
ACETYL COA - CO2 + ATP
57
Glucose Catabolism
• GLYCOLYSIS
• FORMATION OF ACETYL COA; INTERMEDIATE REACTION
• KREB’s CYCLE
• ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
58
Glycolysis/Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
Aerobic (________)
Anaerobic (______)
MITOCHONDIRA
CYTOPLASM
59
End product of Glycolysis
2-PYRUVIC ACID
60
Glucose - Glycogen
GLYCOGENESIS
61
Hormone responsible for glycogenesis
INSULIN
62
Occurs in emergency situations
Glycogen - Glucose
GLYCOGENOLYSIS
63
Hormones responsible for glycogenolysis
EPINEPHRINE OR ADRENALINE
64
It is stores in the liver, kidneys and intestinal epithelium
GLYCOGENOLYSIS
65
Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates materials
GLUCONEOGENESIS
66
General test for Carbohydrates
MOLISCH’S TEST
67
Test for reducing sugars (Carbohydrates)
BARFOED’S TEST
68
They are not soluble in plasma, thus, are covered with proteins (LIPOPROTEINS)
HYDROPHOBIC
69
Carrying lipids in the body
LIPOPROTEINS
70
-also called Good cholesterol
- Carried cholesterol from blood/vessel to liver where it is metabolized
HDL CHOLESTEROL
71
-also called bad cholesterol
- deposits cholesterol to other parts of the body
LDL CHOLESTEROL
72
- energy storage
-excess triglycerides are deposited in adipose tissues
- Functions: PROTECTION (Visceral organs) INSUKATION, SOURCE OF ENERGY
TRIGLYCERIDES
73
Components of cell membrane, component of myelin sheath
SPHINGOLIPIDS/GLYCOLIPIDS
74
Precursor of other steroids
CHOLESTEROL
75
Produced by liver, stored in gallbladder
Function: emulsification of fats
BILE SALTS
76
Sunshine vitamin, needed for calcium absorption
VITAMIN D
77
Regulates hormone and electrolyte imbalance
VASOPRESSIN
78
Used to detect the presence of choline
ROSENHEIM TEST
79
Most sensitive, presence of cholesterol
LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD TETS
80
Most abundant biomolecule (70% of the body)
PROTEINS
81
The bond that joints each amino acid
PEPTIDE BOND
82
Sequence of AA
PRIMARY
83
Twisting and folding
SECONDARY
84
-function
- 3D structure
TERTIARY
85
- Specificity
- arrangement of polypeptide chains
QUATERNARY
86
Occurs when the sequence if amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds
SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTYURE
87
Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets
TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE
88
Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets
TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE
89
Occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bons
SECONDARY BONDS
90
Is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid
QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE
91
Polypeptide chain arranged in tightly parallel fibers and sheets
FIBROUS
92
Polypeptide chains are arranged in compact, spherical forms; insoluble in water
GLOBULAR
93
Skin and cartilage
COLLAGEN
94
Vessels, dermis, tendon
ELASTIN
95
Hair and nails
KERATIN
96
Cell membrane
GLYCOPROTEINS
97
Thin and moving filament
ACTIN
98
Thick and stationary contractile or motile proteins
MYOSIN
99
Largest immunoglobulins, first Ig produced during infection
IgM
100
Smallest immunoglobulins
IgG
101
immunoglobulins that plays a vital role in secretion
IgA
102
immunoglobulins that has no function yet
Igd
103
immunoglobulins produced by immune system (allergy)
IgE
104
Oxygen carriers
MYOGLOBIN
105
Transport form of Fe
TRANSFERRIN
106
Storage form of Fe
FERRITIN
107
ENZYMES
-vitamin cofactors
CO-ENZYMES
108
Inactive form of enzymes
ZYMOGENS/ PROENZYMES
109
Protein part of an enzyme
APOENZYMES
110
ENZYMES
-Oxidation reduction metabolism
OXIDOREDUCTASES
111
EZYMES
Transfer of groups, such as phosphate and amino
TRANSFERASES
112
ENZYMES
Hudrolyze subststrates
HYDROLASES
113
Removal of functional groups by means other than hydrolysis
LYASES
114
Catalyze the coupling of 2 molecules
LIGASES
115
Breaks down of lipids into glycerol + fatty acids (LIPOLYSIS)
LIPASE
116
Urea ( waste product of breakdown of proteins)
UREASE
117
Made ul of chains of nucleotides
NUCLEIC ACIDS
118
Three parts of Nucleotides
• SUGAR
• BASE
• PHOSPHATE
119
Types of RNA:
-messenger; “template” for trancription
mRNA
120
Types of RNA:
- transfer; carrying amino acids to sites of protein synthesis
tRNA
121
Types of RNA:
Ribosomal DNA
rRNA
122
(STOP CODONS: UAA, UAG, UGA)
123
A change in shape, structure and nucleotide sequence
MUTATION
124
Organic substances, not synthesizes within the body , that are essential in small amounts for the maintainable of normal metabolic functions
VITAMINS
125
“Waste basket”
LYSOSOME
