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AAA > PRTST > Flashcards

PRTST Flashcards

1
Q

basic functional and structural unit of life

A

CELL

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2
Q

Cell Membrane

A

• PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• GLYCOPROTEIN and GLYCOLIPIDS
• CHOLESTEROL
• ARACHIDONIC ACID

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3
Q

Powerhouse of the cell, produced ATP (energy)

A

MITOCHONDRION

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4
Q

Cell wall of plants

A

CELLULOSE

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5
Q

Cell wall of Bacteria

A

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

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6
Q

Cell wall of fungi

A

CHITIN

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7
Q

Protein synthesis

A

RIBOSOMES

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8
Q

Prokaryotes ribosome

A

30s, 50s = 70s

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9
Q

Eukaryotes ribosomes

A

40s, 60s = 80s

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10
Q
  • Suicide bag of the cell
  • has enzyme and free radicals (when released will cause APOPTOSIS)
A

LYSOSOMES

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11
Q

Days of Red blood cells

A

120 days

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12
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

<120

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13
Q

Lipid synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum

A

SMOOTH ER

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14
Q

Protein synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum

A

ROUGH ER

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15
Q

Packaging and storage of substances in the cell

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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16
Q

Control center of the cell

A

NUCLEUS

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17
Q

Building blocks of protein

A

AMINO ACID

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18
Q

Building blocks of lipids

A

FATTY ACID / GLYCEROL

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19
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDE

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20
Q

Building blocks of nucleic acid

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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21
Q

How many chromosomes do we have?

A

46 chromosomes

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22
Q

Site of ribosome assembly

A

NUCLEOLUS

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23
Q

The first product of photosynthesis

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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24
Q

Sucrose is a _____ sugar

A

NONREDUCING

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25
Q

Glucose and Fructose are _____ sugar

A

INVERT

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26
Q

Sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed further

A

MONOSACCHARIDE

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27
Q

Aldehydes of ketone alcohols that contain C H O

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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28
Q

Aldehexose

A

GLUCOSE

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29
Q

Most important carbohydrates

A

HEXOSES

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30
Q

Dextrose, blood sugar, grape sugar, physiologic sugar

A

GLUCOSE

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31
Q

-Ketohexose
-reducing sugar
-fruit sugar; sweet fruits and honey

A

FRUCTOSE

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32
Q

aka LEVULOSE, the sweetest sugar monosaccharide

A

FRUCTOSE

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33
Q

Test for Glucose

A

MOORE’S TEST

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34
Q

Test for Fructose

A

SELIWENOFF’S TEST

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35
Q

Test for Galactose

A

MUCIC ACID TEST

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36
Q

Mannose test

A

OSAZONE TEST

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37
Q

also know as BRAIN SUGAR, readily absorbed in the intestines; biosynthesized in mammary glands

A

GALACTOSE

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38
Q

Found in gum arabica/acacia

A

ARABINOSE

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39
Q

Sugar Found in RNA

A

RIBOSE

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40
Q

Sugar found in DNA

A

DEOXYRIBOSE

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41
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

SUCROSE

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42
Q

Glucose + Glucose (a-1,4)

A

MALTOSE

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43
Q

Glucose + Glucose (b1,4)

A

CELLYBOISE

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44
Q
  • Glucose + Galactose
  • also know as MILK SUGAR
A

LACTOSE

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45
Q

Product of starch degradation

A

DEXTRIN

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46
Q

Polysaccharides/Glycans Sugar

A

• STARCH
• GLYCOGEN
• CELLULOSE
• CHITIN

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47
Q

The sum total of all chemical reactions needed to maintain life.

A

METABOLISM

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48
Q

Building up

A

ANABOLISM

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49
Q

Breaking down

A

CATABOLISM

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50
Q

Combination of building up and breaking down (Ex. kreb’s cycle)

A

AMPHIBOLISM

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51
Q

Energy consuming <endergonic></endergonic>

A

ANABOLISM

52
Q

Energy producing <exergonic></exergonic>

A

CATABOLISM

53
Q
  • energy currency of the cell
  • storage
A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

54
Q

Glycolysis

A

GLUCOSE - PYRUVATE

55
Q

Intermediate step

A

PYRUVATE - ACETYL COA

56
Q

KREB’S CYCLE

A

ACETYL COA - CO2 + ATP

57
Q

Glucose Catabolism

A

• GLYCOLYSIS
• FORMATION OF ACETYL COA; INTERMEDIATE REACTION
• KREB’s CYCLE
• ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

58
Q

Glycolysis/Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

Aerobic (________)
Anaerobic (______)

A

MITOCHONDIRA
CYTOPLASM

59
Q

End product of Glycolysis

A

2-PYRUVIC ACID

60
Q

Glucose - Glycogen

A

GLYCOGENESIS

61
Q

Hormone responsible for glycogenesis

A

INSULIN

62
Q

Occurs in emergency situations
Glycogen - Glucose

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

63
Q

Hormones responsible for glycogenolysis

A

EPINEPHRINE OR ADRENALINE

64
Q

It is stores in the liver, kidneys and intestinal epithelium

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

65
Q

Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates materials

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

66
Q

General test for Carbohydrates

A

MOLISCH’S TEST

67
Q

Test for reducing sugars (Carbohydrates)

A

BARFOED’S TEST

68
Q

They are not soluble in plasma, thus, are covered with proteins (LIPOPROTEINS)

A

HYDROPHOBIC

69
Q

Carrying lipids in the body

A

LIPOPROTEINS

70
Q

-also called Good cholesterol
- Carried cholesterol from blood/vessel to liver where it is metabolized

A

HDL CHOLESTEROL

71
Q

-also called bad cholesterol
- deposits cholesterol to other parts of the body

A

LDL CHOLESTEROL

72
Q
  • energy storage
    -excess triglycerides are deposited in adipose tissues
  • Functions: PROTECTION (Visceral organs) INSUKATION, SOURCE OF ENERGY
A

TRIGLYCERIDES

73
Q

Components of cell membrane, component of myelin sheath

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS/GLYCOLIPIDS

74
Q

Precursor of other steroids

A

CHOLESTEROL

75
Q

Produced by liver, stored in gallbladder
Function: emulsification of fats

A

BILE SALTS

76
Q

Sunshine vitamin, needed for calcium absorption

A

VITAMIN D

77
Q

Regulates hormone and electrolyte imbalance

A

VASOPRESSIN

78
Q

Used to detect the presence of choline

A

ROSENHEIM TEST

79
Q

Most sensitive, presence of cholesterol

A

LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD TETS

80
Q

Most abundant biomolecule (70% of the body)

A

PROTEINS

81
Q

The bond that joints each amino acid

A

PEPTIDE BOND

82
Q

Sequence of AA

A

PRIMARY

83
Q

Twisting and folding

A

SECONDARY

84
Q

-function
- 3D structure

A

TERTIARY

85
Q
  • Specificity
  • arrangement of polypeptide chains
A

QUATERNARY

86
Q

Occurs when the sequence if amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds

A

SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTYURE

87
Q

Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets

A

TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

88
Q

Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets

A

TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

89
Q

Occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bons

A

SECONDARY BONDS

90
Q

Is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid

A

QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

91
Q

Polypeptide chain arranged in tightly parallel fibers and sheets

A

FIBROUS

92
Q

Polypeptide chains are arranged in compact, spherical forms; insoluble in water

A

GLOBULAR

93
Q

Skin and cartilage

A

COLLAGEN

94
Q

Vessels, dermis, tendon

A

ELASTIN

95
Q

Hair and nails

A

KERATIN

96
Q

Cell membrane

A

GLYCOPROTEINS

97
Q

Thin and moving filament

A

ACTIN

98
Q

Thick and stationary contractile or motile proteins

A

MYOSIN

99
Q

Largest immunoglobulins, first Ig produced during infection

A

IgM

100
Q

Smallest immunoglobulins

A

IgG

101
Q

immunoglobulins that plays a vital role in secretion

A

IgA

102
Q

immunoglobulins that has no function yet

A

Igd

103
Q

immunoglobulins produced by immune system (allergy)

A

IgE

104
Q

Oxygen carriers

A

MYOGLOBIN

105
Q

Transport form of Fe

A

TRANSFERRIN

106
Q

Storage form of Fe

A

FERRITIN

107
Q

ENZYMES

-vitamin cofactors

A

CO-ENZYMES

108
Q

Inactive form of enzymes

A

ZYMOGENS/ PROENZYMES

109
Q

Protein part of an enzyme

A

APOENZYMES

110
Q

ENZYMES

-Oxidation reduction metabolism

A

OXIDOREDUCTASES

111
Q

EZYMES

Transfer of groups, such as phosphate and amino

A

TRANSFERASES

112
Q

ENZYMES

Hudrolyze subststrates

A

HYDROLASES

113
Q

Removal of functional groups by means other than hydrolysis

A

LYASES

114
Q

Catalyze the coupling of 2 molecules

A

LIGASES

115
Q

Breaks down of lipids into glycerol + fatty acids (LIPOLYSIS)

A

LIPASE

116
Q

Urea ( waste product of breakdown of proteins)

A

UREASE

117
Q

Made ul of chains of nucleotides

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

118
Q

Three parts of Nucleotides

A

• SUGAR
• BASE
• PHOSPHATE

119
Q

Types of RNA:
-messenger; “template” for trancription

A

mRNA

120
Q

Types of RNA:
- transfer; carrying amino acids to sites of protein synthesis

A

tRNA

121
Q

Types of RNA:
Ribosomal DNA

A

rRNA

122
Q

(STOP CODONS: UAA, UAG, UGA)

A
123
Q

A change in shape, structure and nucleotide sequence

A

MUTATION

124
Q

Organic substances, not synthesizes within the body , that are essential in small amounts for the maintainable of normal metabolic functions

A

VITAMINS

125
Q

“Waste basket”

A

LYSOSOME

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