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Modern history- Russia > Provisional government > Flashcards

Provisional government Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the provisional government assume control over Russia

A

2nd March 1917

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2
Q

Who was the head of the provisional government

A

Prince Lvov

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3
Q

What group dominated the provisional government

A

Kadets

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4
Q

Why was the provisional government temporary

A

It was a temporary replacement after the abdication of the tsar

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of political changes the provincial government did

A

Release of political prisoners
Abolition of capital punishment
Freedom of speech

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of economic change the provisional government did

A

right to strike and form trade unions
peasants invited to organise food distribution
8 hour day promised

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7
Q

What was the vital promise

A

A constituent assembly was promised by national voting

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8
Q

Why were people angry at the provisional government

A

They didn’t deliver the promises over change of war and land

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9
Q

What did the peasants hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

A

Land distribution of the nobles

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10
Q

What did the workers hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

A

More food
Less working hours
More pay

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11
Q

What did the soldiers hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

A

End of WW1

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12
Q

Did the workers get what they were promised/ how were they treated during the provisional government

A

Refused an 8 hour day
Factories closed down

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13
Q

Did the soldiers get what they were promised/ how were they treated during the provisional government

A

365,000 deserted the war in March-May 1917

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14
Q

Why did the provisional government find it hard to meet peoples high hopes for Russia after the abdication of the tsar (3 reasons)

A

Poor funding
No harsh punishments to rely on
They didn’t have the capability to change

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15
Q

What group established the Soviet Petrograd

A

Mensheviks

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16
Q

When were the Mensheviks formed

A

End of February 1917

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17
Q

How did the Soviets represent

A

‘Soldiers, sailors and workers’ council

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18
Q

What was the newspaper of the soviet called and when was it first published

A

Izvestia
28th February 1917

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19
Q

What were the soviets seen as at the start of the provisional government reign

A

The watchdog of the revolution

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20
Q

Give 3 factors of the Army Order No.1

A

weapons cannot be turned in
equal/ no ranks
rudeness of any rank was prohibited

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21
Q

Why was the Order Number One so important to the Petrograd Soviet as a mean of protecting the February revolution (2 reasons)

A

Took army from the provisional government to the soviets
only worth document of the February revolution

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22
Q

Give 3 reasons to end WW1

A

High casualties
High inflation
Russia was losing

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23
Q

Who was Kerensky

A

Head of provisional government after Prince Lvov
Minister of War

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24
Q

Did the Soviet’s agree with the provisional government continuing the war

A

They issues a manifesto calling on all people to end the war but they supported the decision only for defensive aims

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25
Q

Give 2 ways the Provisional government eroded its authority during the course of 1917

A

May- saw the resignation of Miliukov and Guchlov
July- July Days

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26
Q

When was the provisional government overthrown

A

October 1917

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27
Q

Why would soldiers desert the army

A

If peasants got their land distribution the peasants at the front line would go home insider to land grab

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28
Q

What were the reasons against stopping fighting WW1

A

Britain and France would no longer give them money
They had a chance of winning the war

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29
Q

What were the reasons against fighting a defensive war during WW1

A

Used up a lot of resources and this would increase inflation

30
Q

What were the reasons against fighting an offensive war during WW1

A

Bolsheviks could influence the Russian and German working classes to revolt against the capitalist government

31
Q

Why did Milyukov resign

A

The note that he wrote on behalf of the provisional government got leaked saying he would continue to fight imperial Germany

32
Q

When was the leaked note by Milyukov leaked

A

April 20th 1917

33
Q

What did the April crisis result in (3 ways)

A

Kerensky resigning to be more left wing
Violent street protests
Increase in bolsheviks power

34
Q

What were the main beliefs of the Bolsheviks

A

Main aim was social revolution
Liberation of working class through Marxism

35
Q

When did Milyukov and Guchkov resign

A

May 1917

36
Q

Why did Guchkov resign

A

Fled the country after the October Revolution

37
Q

Why were there speculations that the Bolsheviks started the July Days

A

Chants of Bolshevik slogans (all power to the soviets)

38
Q

give 3 reasons why the July Days occurred

A

Bolshevik influence
Kerensky offensive
continuation of the war

39
Q

what happened on the 3rd July during the July Days

A

workers and soldiers from the naval base of Kransdat demanding power to the soviets (20,000 soldiers)

40
Q

give 3 ways the PG changed following the July days

A

Kerensky became PM
end of dual power
Bolsheviks arrested and headquaters raided

41
Q

what was the land question

A

whether the land should be distributed in order for the peasants to get the land that they are owed

42
Q

give 2 reasons why the PG was sceptical of the land question

A

could lead to desertion of soldiers on the front line
many PG members were nobility and this affected them directly

43
Q

how did the peasants react to the rejection of land

A

grain hoarding
revolts

44
Q

how many revolts were there during the PG rule

A

march- 49
october- 1169

45
Q

why were the peasants more inclined to listen to the Bolsheviks rather than the PG

A

Bolsheviks encouraged them as they saw them as vital to the revolution
Bolshevik slogan ‘Peace, bread and law’ encouraged them

46
Q

give 3 reasons why the economy declined during the PG

A

grain hoarding led to inflation
supply trains were stopped in the suburbs and looted
high unemployment (586 factories closed down)

47
Q

give a statistic of inflation during the PG

A

500% increase on black bread between August 1914-17

48
Q

when did Poland gain independance

A

November 3rd 1918

49
Q

give 2 ways the Bolsheviks gained power during the war

A

established Pravda in May 1914
power base amongst workers

50
Q

give 2 weaknesses of the Bolsheviks during the war

A

quite small (8,000 members by 1916)
leadership was absent

51
Q

when did Lenin return back to Russia from Switzerland

A

3rd April 1917

52
Q

why was there speculations that Lenin was a traitor

A

the Germans had let him pass through the country in order for them both to benefit stopping the war for Russia

53
Q

when was the April thesis released

A

17th April 1917

54
Q

give 3 orders from the April thesis

A

socialist economy
immediate end to the war
land given back to the peasants

55
Q

name 2 political changes that happened to the PG during May/June

A

Milyukov replaced by Kerensky as minister of war
6 soviets entered PG

56
Q

what was the Kerensky offensive

A

needed stop the Austrian-Hungarian troops advancing into Ukraine, on July 3rd the officers couldn’t control the troops (army order number 1) and it was a disaster

57
Q

give a resulting statistic of the Kerensky offensive

A

40,000 dead and 200,000 casualities

58
Q

give 3 reasons why the July Days occured

A

Bolshevik influence
collapse of the government power
continuation of war

59
Q

what happened on the 3rd July during the July Days

A

20,000 workers and soldiers marched from Kranstadt naval base demanding power to the soviets

60
Q

give 3 ways the PG changed after the July Days

A

Kerensky is the PM
end of dual power
raided Bolshevik head-quaters

61
Q

when did the July Days occur

A

3rd-7th July 1917

62
Q

when did the Kornilov affair occur

A

26th-30th July 1917

63
Q

what was the Kornilov affair

A

General Kornilov marched troops up to Petrograd to restore order (either to stop soviet power or PG power), PG looked to the soviets for troops and gave the Red Guard arms, Kornilov’s army was stopped by the railway workers

64
Q

give 3 ways that the Bolsheviks benefit from the Kornilov affair

A

they now had a sufficient amount of arms
had a good reputation
some Bolshevik leaders were released

65
Q

who planned the October revolution

A

Trotsky

66
Q

who led the MRC

A

Trotsky

67
Q

how many members did the Bolsheviks have in September 1917

A

200,000

68
Q

give 3 ways Kerensky attempt to see off the Bolshevik threat

A

tried to shut down the Bolshevik newspaper, restrict MRC and raise bridges linking the city
tried to raise troops in the countryside on the 25th
he tried to get radical groups out of Petrograd

69
Q

when was the MRC step up

A

12th October 1917

70
Q

what happened on the 25th October during the October revolution (2 ways)

A

Red Guard seized key places in Petrograd
government overthrown

71
Q

what happened on the 26th October 1917 during the October revolution

A

Winter Palace taken over
remaining PG ministers arrested
Bolsheviks had a majority in congress

Modern history- Russia (3 decks)

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