Provisional government Flashcards by Chloe Wall

When did the provisional government assume control over Russia

2nd March 1917

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Who was the head of the provisional government

Prince Lvov

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What group dominated the provisional government

Kadets

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Why was the provisional government temporary

It was a temporary replacement after the abdication of the tsar

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Give 3 examples of political changes the provincial government did

Release of political prisoners
Abolition of capital punishment
Freedom of speech

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Give 3 examples of economic change the provisional government did

right to strike and form trade unions
peasants invited to organise food distribution
8 hour day promised

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What was the vital promise

A constituent assembly was promised by national voting

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Why were people angry at the provisional government

They didn’t deliver the promises over change of war and land

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What did the peasants hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

Land distribution of the nobles

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What did the workers hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

More food
Less working hours
More pay

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What did the soldiers hope to see in the early years of the provisional government

End of WW1

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Did the workers get what they were promised/ how were they treated during the provisional government

Refused an 8 hour day
Factories closed down

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Did the soldiers get what they were promised/ how were they treated during the provisional government

365,000 deserted the war in March-May 1917

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Why did the provisional government find it hard to meet peoples high hopes for Russia after the abdication of the tsar (3 reasons)

Poor funding
No harsh punishments to rely on
They didn’t have the capability to change

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What group established the Soviet Petrograd

Mensheviks

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When were the Mensheviks formed

End of February 1917

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How did the Soviets represent

‘Soldiers, sailors and workers’ council

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What was the newspaper of the soviet called and when was it first published

Izvestia
28th February 1917

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What were the soviets seen as at the start of the provisional government reign

The watchdog of the revolution

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Give 3 factors of the Army Order No.1

weapons cannot be turned in
equal/ no ranks
rudeness of any rank was prohibited

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Why was the Order Number One so important to the Petrograd Soviet as a mean of protecting the February revolution (2 reasons)

Took army from the provisional government to the soviets
only worth document of the February revolution

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Give 3 reasons to end WW1

High casualties
High inflation
Russia was losing

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Who was Kerensky

Head of provisional government after Prince Lvov
Minister of War

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Did the Soviet’s agree with the provisional government continuing the war

They issues a manifesto calling on all people to end the war but they supported the decision only for defensive aims

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Give 2 ways the Provisional government eroded its authority during the course of 1917

May- saw the resignation of Miliukov and Guchlov July- July Days

When was the provisional government overthrown

October 1917

Why would soldiers desert the army

If peasants got their land distribution the peasants at the front line would go home insider to land grab

What were the reasons against stopping fighting WW1

Britain and France would no longer give them money They had a chance of winning the war

What were the reasons against fighting a defensive war during WW1

Used up a lot of resources and this would increase inflation

What were the reasons against fighting an offensive war during WW1

Bolsheviks could influence the Russian and German working classes to revolt against the capitalist government

Why did Milyukov resign

The note that he wrote on behalf of the provisional government got leaked saying he would continue to fight imperial Germany

When was the leaked note by Milyukov leaked

April 20th 1917

What did the April crisis result in (3 ways)

Kerensky resigning to be more left wing Violent street protests Increase in bolsheviks power

What were the main beliefs of the Bolsheviks

Main aim was social revolution Liberation of working class through Marxism

When did Milyukov and Guchkov resign

May 1917

Why did Guchkov resign

Fled the country after the October Revolution

Why were there speculations that the Bolsheviks started the July Days

Chants of Bolshevik slogans (all power to the soviets)

give 3 reasons why the July Days occurred

Bolshevik influence Kerensky offensive continuation of the war

what happened on the 3rd July during the July Days

workers and soldiers from the naval base of Kransdat demanding power to the soviets (20,000 soldiers)

give 3 ways the PG changed following the July days

Kerensky became PM end of dual power Bolsheviks arrested and headquaters raided

what was the land question

whether the land should be distributed in order for the peasants to get the land that they are owed

give 2 reasons why the PG was sceptical of the land question

could lead to desertion of soldiers on the front line many PG members were nobility and this affected them directly

how did the peasants react to the rejection of land

grain hoarding revolts

how many revolts were there during the PG rule

march- 49 october- 1169

why were the peasants more inclined to listen to the Bolsheviks rather than the PG

Bolsheviks encouraged them as they saw them as vital to the revolution Bolshevik slogan 'Peace, bread and law' encouraged them

give 3 reasons why the economy declined during the PG

grain hoarding led to inflation supply trains were stopped in the suburbs and looted high unemployment (586 factories closed down)

give a statistic of inflation during the PG

500% increase on black bread between August 1914-17

when did Poland gain independance

November 3rd 1918

give 2 ways the Bolsheviks gained power during the war

established Pravda in May 1914 power base amongst workers

give 2 weaknesses of the Bolsheviks during the war

quite small (8,000 members by 1916) leadership was absent

when did Lenin return back to Russia from Switzerland

3rd April 1917

why was there speculations that Lenin was a traitor

the Germans had let him pass through the country in order for them both to benefit stopping the war for Russia

when was the April thesis released

17th April 1917

give 3 orders from the April thesis

socialist economy immediate end to the war land given back to the peasants

name 2 political changes that happened to the PG during May/June

Milyukov replaced by Kerensky as minister of war 6 soviets entered PG

what was the Kerensky offensive

needed stop the Austrian-Hungarian troops advancing into Ukraine, on July 3rd the officers couldn't control the troops (army order number 1) and it was a disaster

give a resulting statistic of the Kerensky offensive

40,000 dead and 200,000 casualities

give 3 reasons why the July Days occured

Bolshevik influence collapse of the government power continuation of war

what happened on the 3rd July during the July Days

20,000 workers and soldiers marched from Kranstadt naval base demanding power to the soviets

give 3 ways the PG changed after the July Days

Kerensky is the PM end of dual power raided Bolshevik head-quaters

when did the July Days occur

3rd-7th July 1917

when did the Kornilov affair occur

26th-30th July 1917

what was the Kornilov affair

General Kornilov marched troops up to Petrograd to restore order (either to stop soviet power or PG power), PG looked to the soviets for troops and gave the Red Guard arms, Kornilov's army was stopped by the railway workers

give 3 ways that the Bolsheviks benefit from the Kornilov affair

they now had a sufficient amount of arms had a good reputation some Bolshevik leaders were released

who planned the October revolution

Trotsky

who led the MRC

Trotsky

how many members did the Bolsheviks have in September 1917

200,000

give 3 ways Kerensky attempt to see off the Bolshevik threat

tried to shut down the Bolshevik newspaper, restrict MRC and raise bridges linking the city tried to raise troops in the countryside on the 25th he tried to get radical groups out of Petrograd

when was the MRC step up

12th October 1917

what happened on the 25th October during the October revolution (2 ways)

Red Guard seized key places in Petrograd government overthrown

what happened on the 26th October 1917 during the October revolution

Winter Palace taken over remaining PG ministers arrested Bolsheviks had a majority in congress