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Modern history- Russia > Khrushchev (1953-1964) > Flashcards

Khrushchev (1953-1964) Flashcards

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1
Q

how long did the power struggle/ collective leadership go on for after Stalin’s death (years)

A

1953-56

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2
Q

when did Stalin die

A

1953

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3
Q

who were the 5 people part of the power struggle between 1953-56

A

Malenkov
Molotov
Bulganin
Khrushchev
Beria

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4
Q

when did become Khurshchev the party leader

A

1949

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5
Q

what was Malenkov’s role

A

soviet premier

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6
Q

why did Malenkov decline in power (3 reasons)

A

accused of abuse of power and lack decisiveness
connections with Beria
1957- attempted to seize power again with a coup which failed

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7
Q

when did Malenkov resign

A

February 1955

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8
Q

what was the role of Beria

A

secret police

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9
Q

what was the reason to why Beria was executed

A

he was accused of accepting money from the Americans for the reunification of Germany

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10
Q

when was Beria executed

A

23rd December 1953

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11
Q

who replaced Malenkov

A

Bulganin

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12
Q

what did Malenkov consequently end up doing after his resignation

A

managing a hydro-electric power plant
a member of the Russian orthodox church

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13
Q

why did Molotov and Bulganin fall out of power

A

both were involved in 1957 of the plot of the ‘anti-party group’

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14
Q

what are the 3 core aims of destalinisation

A

progressive economic measures

peaceful co-existance with the west

get rid of blame on Khrushchev and other leaders on Stalin’s existance

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15
Q

what is an example of Khrushchev trying to get the blame of himself and other other of Stalin’s harsh exisitance

A

in 1955 a committee had been set up to investigate Stalin’s repressive policies

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16
Q

when did the secret speech take place

A

25th february 1956

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17
Q

how did the secret speech have an affect on foreign relations

A

angered China as China agreed with Stalin’s communist reigme

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18
Q

what were the criticisms of the secret speech made of Stalin (3)

A

he had never been accepted by Lenin

he had created a state that was unprepared for military conflict in 1941

he had committed a range of unforgivable crimes against the population

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19
Q

give an example of a shocking statistic that was presented in the secret speech

A

70% of the 139 Party Central Committee were shot due to being honest

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20
Q

how was the secret speech restrained

A

only read a list of dead people from 1938 onwards not prior as he didn’t want to tarnish communism as a whole

21
Q

how did the prisoners and justice system improve after the secret speech (3)

A

families of prisoners allowed to send food and clothes

in 1961 the gulag system was closed down

confessions alone no longer considered enough to secure a conviction (counter-revolutionary)

22
Q

what are the negatives of the change in the justice system (3)

A

relaxation of legal system led to an increase in crime rates (187 per 100,000)

in 1961, death penalty was extended to cover a broader range of crimes

increased penalties for hooliganism

23
Q

what are 2 examples of anti-Stalin media that was allowed to be published

A

1954- Threnbum ‘the thaw’

‘Day in the life of Ivan Do’

24
Q

what was not allowed to be published

A

anti-communist

25
Q

give 2 examples of how the cult of personality was dismantled

A

the words of the national anthem were changed to remove any reference to Stalin

places named after Stalin were renamed

26
Q

who were the 4 people included in the anti-party coup in 1957

A

Malenkov

Molotov

Kaganovich

SHepilov

27
Q

give 2 examples of opposition from cultural dissidents (oppostion)

A

‘dissident’ newspaper established

Rudoplh Nureyev moved to Paris in 1961

28
Q

why was it such a negative thing that Rudolph Nureyev moved out of Russia

A

it showed that Russia was not an attractive place to live that all the influential people wanted to leave

29
Q

who opposed Khrushchev and reasons for (2 ways)

A

hard-core stalinism supporters (e.g Malenkov) for the secret speech and the destalinisation

Red army was dismissed

30
Q

give a piece of evidence that showed that imprisonment reduced under Khrushchev

A

8-9 million prisoners were released and rehabilitated

31
Q

give 3 ways in which Khrushchev’s reforms restored the position of the communist party in Russia

A

membership expanded (1956- 7 million 1964- 11 million)

visited towns and cities

reduced size of the secret police

32
Q

how was Yugoslavia treated during the USSR

A

Yugoslavia fought of axis powers

it was not part of the Warsaw pact eventhough it was communist

June 1948- planned to fight Yugoslavia as it was expelled from the cominform

33
Q

what years did Khrushchev visit Yugoslavia

A

1955
1956

34
Q

what is the Belgrade Declaration and what year was it introduced

A

acknowledged that soviet satellite states had the right to interpret communism in their own way

1955

35
Q

what country did the Belgrade decleration apply to

A

Yugoslavia

36
Q

when was the Hungary uprising

A

23rd October 1956

37
Q

how many died in the Hungary uprising

A

3000

38
Q

summarise the events of the Hungary uprising

A

31st October 1956- Nagy announced Hungary is leaving the Warsaw pact

4th November 1956- Russian tanks invaded Budapest

39
Q

how many were migrated during the Hungary uprising

A

200,000

40
Q

what were the reasons for the Georgian uprising

A

destalinisation (birthplace of Stalin)

young people had no recollection of the purges

41
Q

what happened at the Georgian uprising

A

Moscow decision was to stop uprising by the gunfire

42
Q

how many people died in geogian uprising

A

800

43
Q

what was the agricultural programme

A

virgin land scheme

44
Q

give 3 examples of ways that increased production in agriculture

A

increased the price paid by the state to peasants for grain

reduced state quotas

reduced tax

45
Q

when were chemical fertilisers introduced

A

1962

46
Q

where were volenteers from for the virgin land scheme

A

Young communist league

47
Q

give a statistic that showed that the virgin land scheme was a success

A

35.9 million acres of land had been cultivated

48
Q

give 3 factors to why the virgin land scheme didn’t work

A

land wasn’t fertile

people went home

over cultivated

49
Q
A

Modern history- Russia (3 decks)

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