Prots, Carbs And Fats For Energy Creation Flashcards
Glycolysis:
- characteristics
Does not require O2, but only produces small amounts of ATP
The mitochondria need to keep regenerating NAD+ (electron acceptor)
NAD+ is usually produced when O2 is present, when it’s not, glycolysis couples with fermentation reactions to regen NAD+
Glycolysis:
- stages
- Prod of acetyl CoA (oxi of FAs or gluc)
- Oxi of acetyl CoA via the citric acid cycle (e- released during oxi from glycolysis and TCA transferee to electron carries NAD and FAD forming NADH2 and FADH2)
- E- transfer and oxi phospho (NADH2 and FADH2 move e- to the mito electron chain forming molecular O2 from water, and these H+ drive ATP formation
Energy release from glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Glycolysis:
- overview
Lysis of glucose into 2 fragments forming pyruvate
Energy from oxi reaction conserved within reduced coenzymes NADH
Cytoplasm
TCA:
- overview
Sequential reactions converting citrate to oxaloacetate, by four consecutive oxidation by refused coenzymes NADH and FADH2
In the mito
Electron transport system:
- overview
Electron from NADH and FADH2 pass along ETC reaching O2 (reduced to from H2O), electrons driving the production of ATP
Inner mito mem
Alcohol and lactic acid fermentation
Both use carbs/prots/fats as an energy source forming pyruvate then it is either converted to lactate or (acetaldehyde to ethanol) (acetaldehyde is the final electron acceptor)
Both form 2 ATP molecules
Citrate:
- conversion
To FAs or steroids
Alpha-ketoglutatate:
- conversion
To amino acids such as arginine, proline or glutamine
Oxaloacetate:
- conversion
To asparatate or asparagine (to pyrimidines)
Or it can be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate that can be converted to serine, glycine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
