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Entomology > Protozoology > Flashcards

Protozoology Flashcards

1
Q

long, contractile fiber, arising from a basal body;
may be single or several

A

Flagellum
Plural: Flagella

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2
Q

Prolongation of the cytoplasm

A

Pseudopodia

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3
Q

Short, fine, contractile fibers that cover the entire body surface and beats in unison

A

Cillia

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4
Q

asexual mode of reproduction that occurs mainly in apicomplexan / sporozoans and in some amoebas.

A

Schizogony / Merogony (Multiple fission)

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5
Q

Sexual mode of reproduction:
simple exchange of gametic nuclei between paired organisms.

A

Synagamy, Conjugation

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6
Q

occurs after a period of asexual reproduction via schizogony, in which haploid merozoites are produced, which can later fuse and create a zygote.

A

Gametogony

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7
Q

The stage of parasitic protozoan that is considered infective (found inside a IH)

A

Sporozoite

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8
Q

Term for a parasitic protozoan that HAS ALREADY INFECTED A HOST and has begun feeding and growing

A

Trophozoite

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9
Q

Term only applies to the daughter cells produced via schizogony/multiple fission

A

Merozoite

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10
Q

Development of the parasite is restricted to a single host

A

Monoxenous Life cycle

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11
Q

the development of the parasite requires 2 or more hosts, with the mature stages developing in IH, while the mature stage is completed in the DH

A

Heteroxenous Life cycle

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12
Q

“the flagellates”

A

Subphylum Mastigophora

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13
Q

Kinetoplast and kinetosome just posterior to nucleus: undulating membrane runs forward

A

Tryptomastigote form

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14
Q

Trypanosoma form found in DH

A

Trypomastigote

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15
Q

Trypanosoma form found in IH

A

Epimastigote, Promastigote, Amastigote

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16
Q

Dourine

A

Trypanosoma equiperdum
DH: Horse
MOI: Coitus

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17
Q

Predilection site of Leishmania
IH:
Forms present

A

PS: Macrophages, Reticuloendothelial cells, Lymph nodes
IH: Phlebotomus (Promastigote form)
DH: Amastigote form
Disease: Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis

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18
Q

Flagellate parasites that have been in the caecum and colon.
Pear-shaped and presents a rod-like axostyle that runs through the cell and protrudes at the posterior end.
3 to 5 free flagella at the anterior end and 1 attached flagellum running along the edge.

A

Family Trichomonadidae

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19
Q

PS: caecum, colon
can be seen in fecal smears (often in rolling motion)
Cattle: can infect reproductive organs and cause infertility, embryonic death and abortion, and pyometra in cows.

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

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20
Q

Causes necrotic ulcerations of esophagus, crop, proventiculus
Host: birds
MOI: feco-oral
Pear-shaped, 4 free flagella, 1 attached flagella

A

Trichomonas gallinae

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21
Q

PS: cecum, liver
MOI: ingestion of Heterakis gallinarum eggs
DS: blackhead disease in turkeys, fowls

A

Histomonas meleagridis

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22
Q

Contains only a single nucleus, presents a large adhesive disc and a bilaterally symmetrical body.

A

Family Giardiidae

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23
Q

Treatment for Giardia

A

Metronidazole, Tinidazole,
Benzimidazoles: Fenbendazole

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24
Q

Number of nuclei of the ff:
Histolytica
Coli
Bovis
Gingivalis

A

Histolytica:4
Coli:8
Bovis:1
Gingivalis: none

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25
Q

How many months should a cow infected with T. foetus be given of sexual rest?

A

4 months

infected males are to be culled

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26
Q

Causes rare but fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

A

Family Vahlkampfiidae
Naegleria fowleri

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27
Q

Treatment against Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphotericin B, Fluconazole
Azithromycin
Rifampin
Miltefosine

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28
Q

PS: Large intestines
Normal commensal of rat and pig:
Both trophozoite and cysts posses elongated macronucleus and smaller micronucleus

A

Balatidium coli
DS: balantidiases / large bowel ulceration
Both cyst and trophozoites are found in feces

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29
Q

PS: skin, gill, fins
causes White spot disease

A

Ichthyopthirius multifilis

30
Q

PS: skin, gill, fins, urogenital tract
causes skin and gill damage
It is the most documented ciliate fount in Nile Tilapias in the Philippines

A

Trichodina

31
Q

Treatment against Ichthyopthirius multifilis and Trichodina

A

Chemical treatment of water using Copper sulfate and Formalin

32
Q

Treatment against Balatidium coli

A

Tetracycline & Metronidazole

33
Q

Diploid spores as a result of sporogony;
Found inside the sporulated oocyt; the infective stage

A

Sporozoite

34
Q

Eimeria found in the Middle S.I

A

Eimeria necatrix

35
Q

Eimeria found in the anterior S.I

A

E. acervulina
E. hagana
E. praecox
E. maxima
E. mivati

36
Q

Eimeria found in the cecum

A

Eimeria tenella

37
Q

Eimeria found in the posterior SI

A

Eimeria brunetti

38
Q

Treatment of Eimeriidae coccidians

A

Sulfanamides (Sulfadimethoxine)
Amprolium
Dicoquinate

39
Q

All generas has sporulated oocysts containing 2 sporopcysts with 4 sporozoites (total of 8)
Considered coccidians, but has a heteroxenous life cycle which requires prey animal as IH and predator as DH

A

Family Sarcocystiidae

40
Q

Enetero-epithelial cycle

A

Occurs only in DH (predator)
Sexual phase and sporulation (intestinal/enteric epithelium)
non-pathogenic

41
Q

Extra-epithelial cycle

A

Occurs only in IH (prey)
Asexual phase and sporulation (in organs/tissues)
Pathogenic

42
Q

Besnoitia besnoiti

A

DH: cat (cat feces)
IH: ruminants, cattle
Disease: cutaneous besnoitiasis ( large cysts in the skin and conjunctiva) ; thickening of the skin and hairloss

43
Q

Hammondia hammondi

A

Family Sarcocytiidae
IH: rodents
DH: cats
PS: skeletal muscle

44
Q

causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

A

Sarcocystis neurona
IH: opossum
DH: horses
PS: brain, spinal cord

45
Q

sarcocystis that is highly pathogenic in sheep

A

Sarcocystis ovicanis
IH: Sheep
DH: dogs, canids
PS(IH): skeletal muscles

46
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Highly pathogenic in both IH and DH
PS: Muscles, lungs, liver, reproductive tract, CNS
Disease: Congenital toxoplasmosis (Women)

47
Q

Neospora caninum

A

IH: cattle
DH: dogs
causes transplacental infection
pregnancy in cattle activates cysts and may cause spontaneous abortion
PS: brain, heart, liver, placenta

48
Q

Treatment of sarcoscystidae coccidians

A

There is no effective treatment for intracellular chronic stage (sarcocysts in IH tissue)
- Amprolium (in IH, cattle and ruminants)
-Sulfanamides (Dog and Cat DH)

49
Q

Treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine and Clindamycin

50
Q

Diagnosis is through the visualization of capsule-shaped gamont in neutrophils or monocytes

A

Family Hepatozoidea
Hepatozoon canis
DH: hard ticks (Rhyphicephalus amblyomma) (sexual phase)
IH: Dog (asexual phase)
Canine hepatozoonosis

51
Q

Treatment of hepatozoonosis

A

14 day course of TCP therapy
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine + clindamycin + pyrimethamine

52
Q

Mammalian malarias are transmitted by

A

Anopheline mosquitoes

53
Q

Avian malarias are transmitted by

A

Culicine mosquitoes

54
Q

Causative agent of malaria in humans, primates, rodents, birds, and some reptiles.
Early trophozoites inside RBC (signet-ring appearance)
In some species, banana-shaped gametocyte

A

IH: Mosquitoes
Plasmodium

55
Q

Parasites of RBC of birds (may occur in turtle and lizards)
IH?
gametocytes in RCB (elongated, horseshoe-shaped that embrace the nucleus of the RBC)

A

Haemaproteus columbae
IH: hippoboscid flies (Culicodes and Chrysops)

56
Q

Gametocytes occur in both RBCs and WBCs (lymphocytes and monocytes
They are round or elongated cells that grow large enough that pushes and distorts the nucleus of the RBC or WBC it invdes

A

Leucocytozoon

57
Q

Leucocytozoon that infects turkeys

A

Leucocytozoon smithi
IH: Simulium
DH: Turkeys

58
Q

Leucocytozoon that infects geese and ducks

A

Leucocytozoon simondi
IH: Simulium
DH: ducks and geese
mostly found in lymphocytes

59
Q

Diagnosis by detection of meronts that are pear-shaped (usually in pairs) inside RBC

A

Babesia canis

60
Q

Babesia gibsoni

A

small, oval-shaped meronts in RBC of dog
IH: Dog
DH: Dermacentor reticulatus ; Rhipicephalus sanguineus

61
Q

Diagnosis by detection of meronts that are rod/oval/comma-shaped that usually come in 4 (forming maltese cross) inside RBC.

A

Theleria equi
Disease: equine piroplasmosis

62
Q

Cytauxzoon felis

A

Diagnosis by meronts that are singnet-ring in shape or dark ‘dots’ inside rbc

63
Q

Anaplasma

A

DH: ungulates and other mammals
IH: Tabanids, stable fly, mosquitoes
Parasites of RBC and WBC
- detection by spherical bodies (singly, or in morula) in the cytoplasm of RBCs and WBCs

64
Q

Diagnosis by detection of bacilli form or coccoid-form (but in chains) on RBC surface

A

Mycoplasma (Haemobartonella)
-Mycoplasma haemocanis
- Mycoplasma haemofelis
- Mycoplasma haemomuris

65
Q

Diagnosis is by detection of granular round to oval bodies in the cytoplasm of the nucleated RBC

A

Aegyptianella pullorum
DH: fowls
IH: Argas persicus (Fowl Tick)

66
Q

Diagnosis by detection of pleomorphic, coccoid, to elliptecal bodies (singly of morulae) in the cytoplasm of WBCs

A

Ehrlichia
Infects: mononuclear-type WBC (monocytes and lumphocytes)
DH: dogs an ungulates
IH: ixodid ticks (transovarian and transstadial transmission)

67
Q

Parasites of the respiratory passages of predatory reptiles, birds, mammals.

A

Subclass Pentastomida

68
Q

Parasites of the nasal cavity of canids.
Earthworm-like with transverse striations and has an expanded anterior end containing the small mouth and 4 hooks

A

Linguatula serrata
IH: Cattle, sheep, rabbits, primates

69
Q

Parasites of the respiratory passages and lungs of snakes
(murag cord)

A

Armillifer armillatus
No IH

70
Q

Parasites of the respiratory passages and lungs of snakes
IH: small mammals (rodents)

A

Porocephalus crotali

71
Q

“whale louse”
Ectocommensal crustacean of humpback whales.
Causes minor skin damge, but generally does not cause significant problems

A

Cyamus boopis

Entomology (5 decks)

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