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Parasitology > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q
  • Eukaryotic organisms (possesses nucleus and organelles)
  • Varies in shape, size locomotion
  • Reproduce asexually (binary fission) or asexually and
    sexually (in Plasmodium species)
  • Do not possess cell walls (only found in bacteria, plants, and
    fungi)
  • Consist of nucleus and cytoplasm
A

Protozoans

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2
Q

Region of cytoplasm that is for metabolism and nutrition

A

Endoplasm

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3
Q

Region of cytoplasm that is For structure and protection

A

Ectoplasm

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4
Q

Give Species under Sarcodina

A

Entamoeba
Iodamoeba
Endolimax
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria Fowleri

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5
Q
  • Ameba
  • Possesses pseudopodia used for locomotion
  • Inhabits the large intestine except for E. gingivalis (inhabits
    the mouth/oral cavity)
A

Sarcodina

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6
Q
  • MOT: ingestion of infective cyst
  • Habitat: large intestine
  • Only pathogenic amoeba
  • Subphylum Sarcodina, superclass Rhizopoda, class Lobosea, order Amoebida, family Entamoebidae
  • Cyst is resistant to gastric acidity and desiccation, can survive in a moist environment for several weeks
  • Trophozoites multiply by binary fission
  • spherical nucleus, distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules, small karyosome near center of nucleus
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

Clean looking cytoplasm

A

E.histolytica

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8
Q
  • Transmitted via ingestion of infective cyst * More common than other human ameba
  • dirty looking
A

E.coli

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9
Q

-Motility: Unidirectional & progressive -1 pseudopod (finger-like) -Endoplasm: w/ RBC but no bacteria or cell detritus (clean-looking) -Nucleus: not visible when stained; consists of thin nuclear membrane w/ layer of uniformly sized fine chromatin granules distributed along inside the border of nuclear memb. -Karyosome: fine, centrally located (Bull’s eye)

A

E.Histolytica

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10
Q

DOC E.histolytica

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

-Motility: several directions, sluggish -Many pseudopods (blunt & rounded) -Endoplasm: w/ bacteria, yeasts and cell detritus (dirty-looking)
-Nucleus: when stained, consists of thicker nuclear membrane w/ layer of variously sized chromatin granules unevenly distributed along the inside border of nuclear membrane -Karyosome: large, eccentrically located

A

E.coli

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12
Q

Smallest amoeba
Size = RBC
[Trophozoite]
-Karyosome: large round dot [Cyst]
-Usually oval
-Nuclei: 4 (cross-eyed)

A

Endolimax nana

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13
Q

[Trophozoite]
-Karyosome: w/ cluster of achromatic granules [Cyst]
-Large iodine-staining glycogen vacuole

A

Ioadmoeba butschlii

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14
Q

Associated w/ gum infection
[Trophozoite]
Karyosome: small and centrally located
Pseudopodia: similar to E. histolytica but does not exhibit true progressive locomotion

A

E. gingivalis

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15
Q
  • Ameba of pigs and monkeys
  • Most common parasite in Papua New Guinea
  • May resemble other Entamoeba species
  • Zoonotic infection: can be passed from animals to humans
A

E.polecki

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16
Q

Small race of E.histolytica

A

E.hartmanni

17
Q

liver aspirate (like anchovy sauce) where you can find
trophozoites
o Can lead to rupture into the pericardium, rupture into the pleura, super infection, and
intraperitoneal rupture
* Cardinal signs: fever and right upper quadrant pain
* Tender liver (tender: painful when you touch or palpate)
* Hepatomegaly (abnormal enlargement of liver)

A

ALA

18
Q
  • Found inhabiting lakes, pools, tap water, air conditioning units, and heating units
    • Parasites are facultative (with a free-living and parasitic phase)
A

FREE-LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE

19
Q

Infective stage of Free Living Amebae

A

Trophozoites

20
Q
  • Belongs to family Vahlkampfiidae
  • Free-living ameboflagellate (has an ameba and flagellate form)
  • Trophozoites replicate by promitosis
  • Cyst found only in the environment
  • Enters the body through the olfactory epithelium, respiratory tract, and the skin and sinuses
  • Targets the brain tissue (trophozoite goes straight to the brain)
A

N. fowleri

21
Q

N.Fowleri was discovered by

A

Malcolm fowler

22
Q

Stages of N.fowleri

A

Cyst, Trophozoites, Flagella

23
Q

o Inflammation of meninges in the brain
o Can affect healthy people, fast progression o Very fatal
o When you swim in contaminated pools, lakes, and rivers
o Signs and symptoms: headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, rhinitis, lethargy, olfactory
problems, mental status changes, mental confusion, coma
o Incubation period: 2-3 days or 1-2 weeks
o Patients usually dead after 1 week
o Brain has hemorrhaging (has lots of WBCs, especially neutrophils) o Usually diagnosed post-mortem

A

PAM

24
Q

DOC of N.fowleri

A

Ampthericin B

25
Q
  • Family Acanthamoebidae
  • Acanthamoeba castellani (most common); A. culbertsoni; A. hutchetti; A. polyphaga; A. rhysoides
  • Free-living ameba
  • Aquatic organism
  • Found in a myriad of natural and artificial environments
  • Can survive even in contact lens solutions
  • Both trophozoite and cyst are its infective stages
  • Trophozoites reproduce by binary fission
A

Acanthamoeba

26
Q

Who discovered Acanthamoeba

A

Aldo Castellani

27
Q

Trojan horse of the microbial worls

A

Acanthamoeba

28
Q

o Usually diagnosed after death/ post-mortem
o AIDS patients have the highest risk of acquiring this
o Not as common as other infections of the CNS like Cryptococcus meningitis and toxoplasmosis o Can rarely be demonstrated in Cerebrospinal fluid
-destruction of brain tissue

A

GAE

29
Q

Culture for N. Fowleri

A

Balamuth medium

30
Q

Culture for Acanthamoeba

A

Axenic Culture

31
Q

DOC of Acanthamoeba

A

Propamidine Isethionate

32
Q
  • Family Leptomyxidae
  • New species causing amebic meningoencephalitis
  • Also causes Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
  • Cysts have a characteristic wavy appearance
  • Trophozoites are branching
  • Almost the same appearance with Acanthamoeba
  • Both cysts and trophozoites can be seen in the brain (when infected)
  • babes nodules
A

Balamuthia mandrillaris

33
Q

Less Serious GAE, discovered by Max Hartmann and Kurt Nagler

A

Sappinia diploidea

34
Q

By Dangeard, acts as vehicle of aeruginosa and pneumophila

A

Hartmanella

35
Q
A

Parasitology (2 decks)

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