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SGU parasitology > protozoa > Flashcards

protozoa Flashcards

quiz 1

1
Q

What is the life stage of protozoa ?

A
  1. trophozoite

2. cyst stage

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2
Q

what is the trophozoite life cycle of protozoa ?

A
  1. motile feeding form
  2. very fragile
  3. may be infective
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3
Q

what is the cyst stage life cycle of protozoa?

A
  1. resistant
  2. resting
  3. infective stage
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4
Q

what is modes of feeding for protozoa ?

A

nutrition may be obtained from endogenous or exogenous source

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5
Q

what is the modes of reproduction for protozoa?

A
  1. asexual

2. sexual

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6
Q

what are the modes of locomotion for protozoa?

A
  1. flagella
  2. cilia
  3. Pseudopods
  4. undulation membrane
  5. subpellicular microtubules
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7
Q

what are the types of asexual of modes of reproduction for protozoa ?

A
  1. binary fussion
  2. multiple fission or schzigony
  3. budding
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8
Q

what are the types of sexual modes of reproduction for protozoa ?

A
  1. conjugation

2. synagmy

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9
Q

what is conjugation as sexual reproduction for protozoa ?

A
  1. nuclear exchange

2. new organism by dividing by binary fission

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10
Q

what is syngamy as sexual reproduction for protozoa ?

A
  1. fusion of gametes
  2. zygote = oocyst
  3. ookinete
  4. sporozoites
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11
Q

what are types of modes of transmission for protozoa ?

A
  1. direct
  2. indirect
  3. transport host
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12
Q

what is a direct mode of transmission?

A
  1. fecal
  2. oral
  3. sexual
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13
Q

what is indirect mode of transmission ?

A

intermediate host

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14
Q

what is transport host for mode of transmission ?

A

paratenic host & mechanical vector

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15
Q

what is known as the silent calf theif ?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

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16
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus

A
  1. reportable cattle disease
  2. resides in reproductive tract of male & female bovines
  3. veneral transmission
  4. major economic importance
  5. abortion
  6. low calving rate , rebreeding
  7. bull & calf replacement ( slaughter w/in 2 wks)
  8. No cyst stage
17
Q

what is the sexual transmission of tritrichomonas foetus ?

A
  1. lives in preputial cavity of bull
    - fold of penis or fornix
  2. urethra
  3. testes
  4. epididymis
  5. seminal vesicle
18
Q

what is the life cycle of tritrichomonas foetus in males ?

A
  1. most bulls asymptomatic
  2. younger bull not permanent carriers
  3. yearlying bulls can be positive
19
Q

what is the life cycle of tritrichomonas foetus in females ?

A
  1. potential source of new infection
  2. maintains organism in herb
  3. harbor T.foetus after few heat cycle or loss pregnancy
  4. Carry Tritrichomonas through gestation period & post partum period
20
Q

what are the clinical signs for Tritrichomonas foetus in females ?

A
  1. early abortion w/in 10 day of conception
  2. late abortion
  3. endometritis
  4. sterility
  5. vaginitis
  6. cervicitis
  7. salpinigits
  8. placentitis
21
Q

what are clinical signs for tritrichomonas foetus in males ?

A
  1. long term carriers of infection
  2. asymptotic
  3. swelling of prepuce
  4. mucopurlent dischage
  5. guaded prognosis
  6. Not used in breeding
22
Q

what is the diagnosis of tritrichomonas foetus ?

A
  1. aborted fetus
  2. placental fluid
  3. smears from uterus or vagina
  4. prepuce of bull
23
Q

what are the diagnostic tests?

A
  1. culture
  2. ELISA
  3. hemaglutation test
  4. PCR
  5. Antigen field test
24
Q

what is the best method for identifying tritrichomonas foetus ?

A

combination of culture & gel PCR with 3 preputial scraping

25
Q

what did pooled samples & PCT showed of tritrichomonas foetus ?

A

high sensitivity & high specificity

26
Q

what are treatments & controls for tritrichomonas foetus in cows ?

A
  1. imidazole derivative ( metronidazole ) non food producing animaks
  2. AI for 2 years
  3. sexual rest for 2-3 estrus cycles
  4. avoid commingling of herbs
  5. cull bulls 3yrs or older
27
Q

what is treatment for bull with tritrichomonas foetus ?

A
  1. alcide
  2. flush preputial cavity x 7 days then 1 week no tx then
  3. flush EDT x 1
  4. need 6 negative cultures
28
Q

Are there vaccines for cows ?

A

yes - triguard

  • not approved for bulls
  • 2nd dose should be administered 2-4 wks later
  • last injection should precede breeding season by 4 wks
  • revaccinate annually
29
Q

will the vaccines for tritrichomonas foetus prevent transmission ?

A

No it will limit its duration of infection & results in more pregnancies

30
Q

what is protozoa that is a disease of young birds that is known as canker or frounce , found in birds of prey ?

A

trichomonad gallinae

31
Q

What are hosts of trichomonas gallinae ?

A
  1. doves
  2. raptors
  3. chickens
  4. turkeys
  5. pheasant
  6. finches
  7. java sparrow
  8. canaries
32
Q

what are characteristics of trichomonas gallinae ?

A
  1. not zoonotic
  2. no cyst stage
  3. stay in the upper respiratory tract
  4. lives for 5 days on moist grain
  5. lives for 20 mins to several hrs in water
33
Q

what is mode of transmission for trichomonas gallinae?

A
  1. adults to squabs → pigeon milk
  2. fecal- oral
  3. bird feeders
  4. cloacal drinking
34
Q

what are the clinical signs for trichomonas gallinae?

A
  1. infection of crop
  2. unable to swallow
  3. regurgitate food
35
Q

What is the reservoir for trichomonas gallinae in CA ?

A
  1. non-native urban pigeons for band-tailed pigeon in CA
36
Q

what is the clinical disease for trichomonas gallinae ?

A
  1. depressed /dull
  2. salivate
  3. emaciation
  4. listless
  5. ruffled feathers
  6. difficulty breathing
  7. death
37
Q

what is the pathology for trichomonas gallinae ?

A
  1. caseous necrotic masses in upper digestive tract & viscera
  2. inflammation
  3. masses invade sinuses of skull to beak, eye, & brain
  4. necrotic lesions in liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lungs ,air sacs
38
Q

what is diagnosis of trichomonas gallinaea?

A
  1. based on hx, clinical signs & gross lesions
  2. demonstrating organism
  3. sample collected 48 hrs after birds death
  4. PCR testing
39
Q

what is treatment for trichomonas gallinaea ?

A
  1. dimetridazole/ metronidazole

SGU parasitology (2 decks)

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