intro parasitology

Question 1

what is a parasite ?

Answer 1

organism that lives in or on the host to complete its life cycle (metabolically dependent)

Question 2

what is parasitism?

Answer 2

symbiotic relation btwn 2 different species

Question 3

what is facultative parasite ?

Answer 3

organism that is capable of living either free or parasitic existence

Question 4

what are examples of facultative parasite ?

Answer 4

1. Strongyloides species

2. House fly maggots

Question 5

what is endoparasite ?

Answer 5

parasite that lives mainly insides the body of its host

Question 6

what is an example of endoparasite ?

Answer 6

hookworms

Question 7

what is ectoparasite ?

Answer 7

parasite that lives mainly on the surface of its host

Question 8

what is an example of ectoparasite ?

Answer 8

1. fleas
2. ticks
3. lice

Question 9

what is helminths ?

Answer 9

1. round worms
2. nematomdes
3. flatworms
4. flukes
5. trematodes

Question 10

what is a protozoans ?

Answer 10

single -celled organism

Question 11

what is pseudo parasites?

Answer 11

an object or non-parasitic organism that is mistaken for a true parasite

Question 12

what is a definitive host/

Answer 12

obligatory host in which a parasite develops sexual maturity

Question 13

what is an intermediate host?

Answer 13

obligatory host in the life cycle of parasite in which immature or asexual stages undergo essential development & before transmission to definitive host

Question 14

what are type of vectors?

Answer 14

1. Mechanical vector
2. paramedic host
3. mechanical vector

Question 15

what is mechanical vector?

Answer 15

nonessential host that passively carriers infective parasite stage on surface

Question 16

what is biological vector ?

Answer 16

arthropod that is an intermediate host or mechanical vector

Question 17

what is paramedic host ?

Answer 17

parasite undergo no development or proliferation w/on these host but are merely carried w/in the body until consumed by proper definitive host

Question 18

what is reservoir host ?

Answer 18

population of infected host which serves as potential source of infection for other species of susceptible domestic animals or humans

Question 19

what are types of infective stage ?

Answer 19

1. Nematodes eggs & larvae
2. Trematode eggs
3. Cestode segments & eggs
4. Protozoan cysts &coccysts

Question 20

what is direct life cycle?

Answer 20

1 host life cycle

Question 21

what is indirect life cycle ?

Answer 21

multi-host life cycle

Question 22

what is pre-patent period ?

Answer 22

time from ingestion of infective stage to appearance egg

Question 23

what is patent period ?

Answer 23

parasite life -span in host

Question 24

what is an infection ?

Answer 24

1. establishment of parasite w/in a hist
2. with or w/out development of clinical signs
3. generally endoparasite

Question 25

what is an infestation?

Answer 25

establishment of parasite on surface of their host with or without development of clinical signs
-ectoparasites

Question 26

what are types of clinical manifestations?

Answer 26

1. Acute
2. chronic
3. subclinical

Question 27

what is acute disease?

Answer 27

1. rapid onset
2. large parasite numbers
3. dramatic clinical signs

Question 28

what is chronic disease?

Answer 28

1. slow debilitation
2. small to moderate parasite numbers
3. clinical signs usually slow in developing

Question 29

what is subclinical disease?

Answer 29

1. No significant clinical signs
2. impaired growth
3. lower milk production
4. reduces average daily weight gain

Question 30

How do parasite injury host ?

Answer 30

1. feed on blood , lymph, exudate , solid tissue
2. compete with host for nutrition by infestation or absorption
3. cause mechanical obstruction of intestine
4. produce atrophy
5. produce toxins
6. allergic rxn
7. promote neoplastic transformation of cells