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Microbiology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four classes of protozoan parasites?

A

Amoebas. Ciliates. Flagellates. Apicomplexans.

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2
Q

What is some evolutionary evidence of endosymbiosis?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes, sensitive to antibiotics sequencing data demonstrates gene transfer

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3
Q

What are protozoa?

A
  • Phylogenetically diverse
  • Single celled
  • Motile
  • Lack chlorophyll
  • Grouped on phenotype
  • Eukaryotic parasites mostly
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4
Q

What are the main features of Amoebas?

A
  • Move by amoeboid movement
  • Usually no structural cell wall
  • Shell wall compromised of CaCO3
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5
Q

What is amoeboid movement?

A

Use pseudopodia formed by cytoplasmic extensions of the cell

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6
Q

What diseases do Amoebas cause in humans?

A
  • Entamoeba histoytica - causes amoebic dysentry
  • Infects 50million
  • Correlates to poor sanitation
  • Person often produces no symptoms
  • More susceptible when stressed
  • Severe = trophozoites enter intestine tissue, intestine gets inflamed
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7
Q

What are the features of Ciliates?

A
  • Paramecium
  • Cilia to aid propulsion and attracts food (deep grove for food)
  • Contain endosymbionts (bacteria)
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8
Q

Where are Ciliates found?

A

Marine and freshwater

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9
Q

What diseases do Ciliates cause in humans?

A

Not human infectious

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10
Q

What are the main features of Flagellates?

A
  • Move using single flagellum or multiple flagella
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11
Q

What diseases do Flagellates cause?

A
  • Parasitic infection in humans
  • Dysentry
  • Typanosoma, Brucei (african sleeping sickness)
  • Leishmania
  • Giardia
  • Trichomanas
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12
Q

What are the 2 sources of genetic material of Kinetoplastid parasites?

A

Nucleus and Mitochondria

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13
Q

What are the ‘TriTyps’?

A

Trypanosoma Brucei. Trypanosoma Cruzi. Leishmania.

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14
Q

What are the key features of Trypanosoma Brucei?

A
  • Extracellular
  • Live in the bloodstream
  • Alters rhythm
  • Infects CNS, brain and tissue
  • Wasting phenotypes
  • Causes African sleeping sickness
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15
Q

What are the issues caused by African sleeping sickness?

A
  • Lethal
  • Threatens livestock
  • 36 countries
  • No vaccines
  • Causes a coma
  • Rapid multiplication
  • Neurological changes
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16
Q

What are the key features of Trypanosoma Cruzi?

A
  • Intracellular and extracellular forms
  • Swollen eye
  • Deficate next to the bite so when you scratch the bite you infect yourself
  • Kills through engorgement of the heart
  • No vaccines
  • 30% develop heart disease
  • America
  • Wild
17
Q

What are the key features of Leishmania?

A
  • Primary reservoir are dogs (1/10 in Brazilian dogs have it)
  • Worldwide 98 countries
  • Vector = sandfly
  • Resistance is rising
  • People with HIV and leishmania have their immune systems destroyed
18
Q

How do T. brucei avoid the immune system?

A

They can change their surface proteins so hard to recognize as foreign and destroy

19
Q

What treatments are there for T. brucei?

A
  • Arsenic based, chemotherapy
  • Arsenic derivatives, very toxic and do not pass the blood/brain barrier
  • Eflornithin, blocks enzyme required for parasite proliferation
  • Managed to make into pills
20
Q

What are the features of Apicomplexans?

A
  • Intracellular
  • Relatively non-motile except gamete stage
  • All obligate parasites = serious disease
  • Apical organelles enable parasites to invade host cells
21
Q

What diseases do Apicomplexans cause?

A

Toxoplasma gondii and malaria

22
Q

What are the key features of Toxoplosma gondii?

A
  • Global disease
  • multiple vertebrate hosts
  • reproduces in intestine
23
Q

What are the key features of malaria?

A
  • Deadly
  • Within erythrocytes
  • Spread by female Anopheles mosquito
  • Chracterised by cycles of fever and chills
  • Bursting of RBC, each RBC releases 20 new merozites plus toxic compounds
24
Q

Why is P. falciparum so pathogenic?

A
  • Knobs and cytoadherence
  • Infect RBC develop surface knob contains parasite proteins
  • Causes RBC to stick to blood vessels and block capillaries
  • Results in liver and brain damage, ‘cerebral malaria’

Microbiology (8 decks)

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