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H&D > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Symbiosis

A

Close and prolonged interaction between organisms of different species. A long term relationship. Parasitism, commensalism or mutualism.

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2
Q

Symbiont

A

Induviduals involved in a symbiosis.

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3
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiotic relationship between 2 different species where one member benefits and the other is harmed.

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4
Q

Parasite

A

Organism that live in or on a host and gains its nourishment at the expense of the host.

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5
Q

Obligatory Parasite

A

A parasite that cannot exist outside its host.

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6
Q

Facultative Parasite

A

A parasite that can exist independdent of its host

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7
Q

Endoparasite

A

Parasite that is established inside the host’s body.

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8
Q

Ectoparasite

A

Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of its host.

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9
Q

Host

A

Species of animal or plant that harbors a parasite

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10
Q

Definitive Host

A

Host in which the adult and/or sexual phase of the parasite occurs.

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11
Q

Intermediate Host

A

Host in which the larval and/or asexual phase of the parasite occurs

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12
Q

Accidental/Incidental Host

A

Host other than the normal host that harbors a parasite.

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13
Q

Reservoir Host

A

Host that harbors a parasite that is also parasitic for humans and from which humans can become infected.

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14
Q

Infective Stage

A

Stage in the parasitic life cycle that is capable of invading a definitive host.

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15
Q

Diagnostic Stage

A

Stage in the parasitic life cycle that can be identified by examining appropriate specimens from the host.

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16
Q

Infestation

A

Parasitic infection, especially for macroscopic parasites.

17
Q

Amoebas

A 
Class of parasites
Move via Pseudopods
Replicate via Binary Fission
Found in nature
Most are nonpathogenic
18
Q

Trophozoite

A

Motile stage of most parasitic amoebas and flagellates
Feeding
Find in darrheal stools
Noninfectious

19
Q

Cysts

A

Nonmotile stage of most parasitic amoebas and flagellates
Protected by cyst wall
Resistant to drying and gastric acid
Infectious

20
Q

Life cycle of intestinal amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica)

A
  1. Host ingests infective cysts
  2. Cysts in GI tract excyst to form trophozoite
  3. Troph multiplies by binary fission
  4. Troph encysts
  5. Host excretes cysts in stool
21
Q

How to identify trophozoites

A

Size
Arrangements of chromatin in nucleus
“Clean” vs. “dirty” cytoplasm
Presence or absence of inclusions in cytoplasm

22
Q

How to identify cysts

A

Size
Shape
# of nuclei
Presence or absence of chromatid bodies or other inclusions in cytoplasm

23
Q

Entamoeba hystolytica diseases and transmission

A

Dysentery - bloody diarrhea (trophs)
Ulcers - in liver, brain and colon
Transmitted in food, water, sexually
Cysts viable for 30 days

24
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis diseases and transmission

A

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weight loss
No cyst stage
Transmitted in food and water

25
Q

Ciliates

A

Ciliated trophozoites

Balantidium coli is only known ciliate parasite of humans

26
Q

Balantidium coli diseases and transmission

A

Only known ciliate parasite in humans and largest protozoan in humans
Balantidiasis
Transmitted in food and water

27
Q

Flagellates

A

Flagellated trophozoites

Giardia and Trichomonas

28
Q

Giardia duodenalis/lamblia diseases and transmission

A

“Little old man with glasses” appearance
Giardiasis - 1-14 day incubation, lasts 1-3 weeks, acute or chronic diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, followed by foul smelling stool
Transmission by fecal/oral route in water

29
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis diseases and transmission

A

Vaginosis - not a pathogen per se, but causes pH and other imbalance in the vagina
Transmitted sexually
No cyst stage

30
Q

Zoonotic Diseases

A

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to people.

Usually exists only in animals but can be transmitted to humans

31
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum diseases and transmission

A

Causes mild, self-limiting watery diarrhea (small bowel)
Remission ~ 10 days
Transmission in water, food, animals and people
Resists chlorine and ozone treatments

32
Q

Characteristics of Protozoa

A

Eukaryotes
Membrane bound nucleus
Etc.

33
Q

Sequelae

A

Diseases that can come as a result of and following another disease

H&D (5 decks)

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