Bacteria

Question 1

Actinomyces

Answer 1

Gram + Bacilli
Facultative Anaerobe
Opportunistic pathogen
Can cause dental caries and periodontal disease

Question 2

Bacillus anthrasis

Answer 2

Gram + Square-ended Bacilli
Spore producer
Ingestion from contaminated soil or animal products, or inhalation

Question 3

Bacillus cereus

Answer 3

Gram + Bacilli
Opportunistic pathogen
Food poisoning - meat, poultry, soups

Question 4

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 4

Gram - Coccobacilli
Obligate anaerobe
Whooping Cough
Humans only host
Oxidase +

Question 5

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 5

Gram - cocci or bacilli

Changes into dormant aberrant bodies

Question 6

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Answer 6

Gram - bacilli

Pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infection, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis

Question 7

Chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 7

Gram - cocci

Get from parakeets

Question 8

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 8

Gram + bacilli

Botulinum toxin

Question 9

Clostridium difficile

Answer 9

Gram + bacilli
Spore forming
Infection causes characteristic smelling feces

Question 10

Clostridium tetani

Answer 10

Gram + bacilli

Tetanus toxin

Question 11

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 11

Gram + bacilli in pallisades
Produces exotoxins
Transmitted through respiratory and non-respiratory
Sore throat, fever, malaise pharyngitis

Question 12

Coxiella burnettii

Answer 12

Gram -
Occupational, comes from cow placenta
Q fever

Question 13

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

Answer 13

Gram - bacilli
Causes hemorrhagic diarrhea
Differs from dysentery due to absence of leukocytes in stool
Transmitted fecal/oral

Question 14

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

Answer 14

Gram - bacilli
Causes dysentery
Lactose -

Question 15

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Answer 15

Gram - bacilli
Diarrhea of infants/adults in tropical areas
Colonize small intestine
Watery diarrhea

Question 16

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

Answer 16

Gram - bacilli
Infantile diarrhea
Fecal/oral

Question 17

Escherichia coli

Answer 17

Gram - bacilli
Normal flora
Can cause UTIs, food poisoning, bacteremia

Question 18

Fusobacterium

Answer 18

Gram - bacilli

Oral anaerobic bacteria

Question 19

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 19

Gram - pleiomorphic coccobacilli
Oxidase +
Type B (HIB) associated with serious human infections
Unencapuslated - bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media
Encapsulated - Pneumonia, epiglottitis, septicimia

Question 20

Klebsiella

Answer 20

Gram - bacilli

Can cause pneumonia

Question 21

Leigonella pneumophila

Answer 21

Gram - bacilli
Oxidase +
Causes 1-5% of all pneumonia
Heavy smokers, immunocompromised at higher risk

Question 22

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 22

Gram + coccobacilli
Non-spore forming
Catalase +
Umbrella motility
Mild flu-like systems
"Master escape artists"

Question 23

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 23

Gram - diplococci
Opportunistic pathogen normally in respiratory tract
Causes pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media
Oxidase +

Question 24

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Answer 24

Acid-fact bacilli
Slow growing, found in environment
Causes pulmonary disease similar to TB
Runyon III

Question 25

Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus

Answer 25

Acid fast bacilli
Rapid-growing opportunistic pathogen
Runyon IV

Question 26

Mycobacterium kansasii

Answer 26

Acid-fast bacilli
Slow growing
Runyon I

Question 27

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 27

Acid-fast bacilli
Rapid growing
Tuberculoid leprosy

Question 28

Mycobacterium marinum

Answer 28

Acid-fast bacilli
Slow-growing
Infects fish
Causes swimming pool granuloma
Runyon I

Question 29

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 29

Acid fast bacilli
Slow growing
Causes Tuberculosis
Tuberculin skin test
Treated with isoniazid and rifampin or kanamycin and ciprofloxacin