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MICRO Boards > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Foul smelling and fatty diarrhea. transmission = cysts in water. Dx: trophozoites - looks like a rasta or cysts in stool. Tx: metronidazole.

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2
Q

Entabmeoba histolytica

A

Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea, liver abscess (anchovy paste), RUQ pain with flask shaped ulcers. Cysts with multiple nuclei in stool. Tx: metronidazole

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3
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Severe diarrhea in AIDS. Mild watery diarrhea in nonIC. Cysts on acid fast stain. tx = nitazoxanide

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4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Brain abscess in HIV (ring enhancing lesion on CT).
Congenital: triad of retininits, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications. Transmission: cysts in meat or cat feces. Tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine.

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5
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

causes rapidly fatal encephalitis. transmission: swim in freshwater and enters via cribiform plate. Dx: amoebas in spinal fluid. Tx: amphotericin

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6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

Disease: African sleeping sickness. Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, and coma. Transmit: tsetse fly. Dx- blood smear. Tx - Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration.

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7
Q

Plasmodium

A

Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly.
vivax and ovale can be dormant in liver as hypnozoite. Transmission - mosquito. dx: ring in rbc. Tx: chloroquine. if life threatening - quinidine. for vivax/ovale and primaquine for hypnozoites in liver.

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8
Q

Babesia

A

Fever and hemolytic anemia. mostly in NE US. Maltese cross in rbc. transmission : ixodes tick (same borrelia burgdorferi of lyme disease…often coinfect) Tx: Atovaquone + Azithromycin.

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9
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas Disease: Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus. Mostly in South America. Transmission : Reduviid bug. Tx: Nifurtimox.

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10
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Transmission: sandfly. Dx: macrophages contain amastigotes. Tx: Sodium stibogluconate

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

vaginitis: foul smelling, green discharge. Sexual transmission. Motile trophozoites on wet mount. Tx: metronidazole for pt and partner.

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12
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Nematode. Pinworm. Food with eggs. Ana pruritus and scotch tape test. tx: mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Nematode. Fecal oral. intestinal infection. Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.

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14
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Nematode. Larvae in soil penetrate the skin. Intestinal infection. Tx: ivermectin or albendazole

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15
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

A

Nematode. Hookworms. Larvae penetrate skin. Intestinal infection that causes anemia b/c worms suck blood from intestinal wall. Tx. Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.

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16
Q

dracunculus medinensis

A

nematode. In drinking water. forms ulcer. Slow removal.

17
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

Blackfly bite. Black skin nodules and blindness. Tx: Ivermectin

18
Q

Loa Loa

A

Deer fly. Swelling in skin and worm in conjunctiva. Tx: diethylcarbamazine

19
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Mosquito transmission. Blocks lymphatic vessels to cause elephantiasis. tx: diethylcarbamazine.

20
Q

Toxocara canis

A

food contaminated with eggs. Disease: visceral larval migrans. Tx: Albendazole or mebendazole

21
Q

Nematode routes of infection

A

Ingested: Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
Cutaneous: Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, necator.
get sick if you EAT these. Get in you feet from SANd.

22
Q

Taenia solium

A

Tapeworm. Ingest larva in pork. Intestinal infection or cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis (calcified). tx: Praziquantel. bendazoles for neurocysticercosis.

23
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

tapeworm. larvae

from raw freshwater fish. Disease: Vit b12 deficiency b/c competes for B12 in intestine. anemia. tx: Praziquantel

24
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces. its a tapeworm. cysts in liver. anaphylaxis if antigens released so surgeons preinject with ethanol before removal. tx: bendazoles.

25
Q

Schistosoma

A

Trematode (fluke). Snails are host. disease: liver and spleen granulomas. S haematobium chronic infection = squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. tx: praziquantel.

26
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

trematode from undercooked fish. biliary tract inflammation causes pigmented gallstones. tx: praziquantel.

27
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

Trematode. transmission: undercooked crab meat. Lung inflammation with hemoptysis. Tx: praziquantel.

28
Q

brain cyst, seizures?

A

taenia solium (cysticercosis)

29
Q

Liver cyst?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

30
Q

Vit B12 deficient?

A

D. latum

31
Q

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

32
Q

hemopysis?

A

P westermani

33
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni

34
Q

hematuria, bladder cancer

A

S haematobium

35
Q

microcytic anemia

A

Ancyclostoma, necator

36
Q

Perianal pruritus

A

enterobius

MICRO Boards (5 decks)

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