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Parasitology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular animals that occur singly or in colony

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

Complete unit capable of performing physiologic functions

A

Protozoa

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3
Q

PHYLA: amoeba

A

P. amoebazao

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4
Q

Amoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica are examples of

A

P.ameobazao

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5
Q

PHYLA:intestinal flagellates

A

P. metamonada

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6
Q

Giargia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili, Trichomonas hominis are examples of

A

P.metamonada

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7
Q

Phyla: blood tissue flagellates

A

P. euglenozoan

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8
Q

Trypanosomes, leishmania are examples of

A

P.euglonozoan

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9
Q

Phyla: ciliates

A

P. ciliophora

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10
Q

Example of P. ciliophora

A

Balantidium coli

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11
Q

Phyla: malaria, babesia, taxoplasma

A

P.apicomplexa

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12
Q

Phylum where species are equipped with apicomplex that is said to be needed to attach to the tissues of the host.

A

P. apicomplexa

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13
Q

All are amoeba commensal except

A

E. histolytica

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14
Q

Which amoeba can cause tissue damage or destruction?

A

E. histolytica

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15
Q

Encystation is present except in

A

E. gingivalis

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16
Q

Large intestine is the habitat except

A

E. gingivalis

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17
Q

Cyst is the infective stage except for

A

E. gingivalis

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18
Q

Trophozoite transforms into _____ and happens in the ____ intestine

A

cysts, large

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19
Q

Cysts transforms into _____ and happens in ____ intestine

A

trophozoite, small

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20
Q

Infective stage of E. gingivalis is ______

A

trophozoite

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21
Q

In parasitology, ______ is the infective stage in protozoans. While in pathology or histopathology, it is a mass of tissue or a tumor

A

cyst

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22
Q

feeding form (active, motile, vegetative) also considered as labile (easily broken down; fragile; easily damaged)

A

trophozoite

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23
Q

form where it is uninucleated, starting to become cyst

A

Precystic

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24
Q

form where it is non-feeding, non-motile, resistant, infective stage

A

cyst

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25
Q

form where it is starting to transform into a trophozoite

A

metacyst

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26
Q

What is the main process that happens in our large intestine? In our digestive system?

A

Water reabsorption

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27
Q

Cyst formation will occur where there is _______ or _______ where the trophozoite will transform into a cyst.

A

normal reabsorption or presence of dehydration

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28
Q

If there is no normal water reabsorption in the large intestine, there will be no formation of ______

A

trophozoite into a cystic stage.

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29
Q

No water reabsorption = ______

A

watery, diarrheic stool.

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30
Q

In what stage of parasite is expected to see in watery stool?

A

Trophozoites

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31
Q

If there is no water reabsorption in your large intestine, what will happen to your trophozoites?

A

remain as trophozoites and will NOT transform into a cyst

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32
Q

If the stool is well formed and amoeba is present, what stage of amoeba can be possibly observed in a well-formed stool?

A

Cyst

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33
Q

What is the infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Cyst

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34
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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35
Q

What stage will you ingest the cyst? Bakit hindi siya nasira when the cyst transverse into your stomach? What are the contents of our stomach?

A

Our stomach is rich in acid. It is resistant.

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36
Q

From your stomach, if it will successfully transverse your stomach, what will be the next stage?

A

Small intestine.

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37
Q

What will happen to the cyst in your small intestine?

A

excystation (cyst will transform into trophozoite).

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38
Q

Which can cause amoebic liver disease?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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39
Q

This amoebae is known as “Cross Eyed” cyst

A

Endolimax nana

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40
Q

Which one is called your Iodine cyst?

A

Iodomiba bütschlii

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41
Q

Iodomiba bütschlii is called iodine cyst because it has _______ and it has strong affinity to ______.

A

large glycogen vacuole, iodine

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42
Q

How many nuclei should be present in the cyst of Entamoeba histolytica to be considered it as mature?

A

4

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43
Q

Also called as small race ameba.

A

ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI

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44
Q

Amoeba of pigs

A

ENTAMOEBA POLECKI

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45
Q

Often mistaken as Entamoeba histolytica.

A

ENTAMOEBA COLI

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46
Q

E. histolyca and E. coli can be differentiated by the number of nucleus inside the cyst. As E.coli has ___ nucleus

A

more than 4

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47
Q

E.histolytica has this distinct feature where it is capable of ingesting ___

A

RBCs

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48
Q

Cytoplasm of E.hystolytica is called _____ where there are no contents other than RBCs

A

free looking

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49
Q

Entamoeba coli has bacteria, food, debris as its cytoplasm is termed____

A

dirty looking

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50
Q

Most important amoeba of man

A

E.hysolytica

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51
Q

Causes Intestinal amoebiasis (colitis, dysentery)

A

E.hystolytica

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52
Q

What stage of Entamoeba histolytica can be recovered in liver aspirate?

A

Trophozoite

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53
Q

When the parasite reaches the brain this results to

A

Amoebic meningitis

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54
Q

Drug of choice for amoebic meningitis

A

Metronidazole

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55
Q

Most common form of extraintestinal amoebiasis

A

amoebic liver cirrhosis

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56
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is diagnosed through

A

stool microscopy, Ag detection, serology

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57
Q

Among the trophozoite, precystic, and mature/quadrinucleated stage of E.histolytica which is the infective stage?

A

quadrinucleated

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58
Q

If you’ve ingested E.histolytica in trophozoite form, will it develop amoebiasis?

A

No, non-infective stage

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59
Q

Among the trophozoite, precystic, and mature/quadrinucleated stage of E.histolytica which can cause tissue destruction?

A

trophozoite, as they produce harmful enzymes

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60
Q

Free-living amoeboflagellate

A

Naegleria fowleri

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61
Q

Usually encountered in environment (fresh water , brackish water , public places such as pools). However, it is difficult for it to survive in salt water

A

Naegleria fowleri

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62
Q

Found in warm waters

A

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

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63
Q

Mode of transmission is through intranasal installation or penetration through your nostril. Directly enters the host to the brain through the olfactory nerve, causing meningitis.

A

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

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64
Q

Naegleria fowleri is also known as

A

brain-eating amoeba.

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65
Q

Causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalopathy (PAM)

A

Naegleria fowleri

66
Q

Free living amoeba found in soil and water; causative agent of Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)

A

Acanthamoeba spp

67
Q

other than GAE acanthamoeba spp. can cause _____

A

keratitis

68
Q

If a parasite formed a cyst, it is ______. If no cyst formation, it is _______.

A

Acanthamoeba, naegleria

69
Q

On initial testing, Amoebic form has _________ projections

A

thorn-like/pine-like

70
Q

In initial testing, Cyst form has ______ appearance

A

Star-shaped

71
Q

Agent of Traveler’s diarrhea (10-35 days incubation period) by drinking any available water in the area

A

Giardia lamblia

72
Q

______ also infects the beavers (Beaver fever) and serve as reservoir

A

Giardia lamblia

73
Q

Giardia lamblia may cause ______ because the tropic stage of the parasite may block the intestinal villi

A

Malabsorption syndrome

74
Q

Giardia lamblia is diagnosed through

A

stool microscopy, and duodenal fluid extraction through enterotest

75
Q

Motile Giardia lamblia under the microscope exhibit the ______motility

A

falling-leaf

76
Q

Trophozoite form of Giardia lamblia has:
_____ disc
_____ nuclei
_____style
_____ pairs of flagella

A

sucking, 2, axostyle,4

77
Q

cystic form of Giardia lamblia has:
_____ stage
_____ nuclei
_____style
_____ pairs of flagella

A

infected, retained 2, retained axostyle, no flagella only ovoid

78
Q

Parasite of the genitourinary tract

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

79
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted through

A

sexual contact

80
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of _____ in female and _____ in male

A

vulvovaginitis, non-specific prostatitis

81
Q

Specimen of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis in:
Female -
Male -

A

urine, vaginal discharges (swab smear)
seminal fluid, static fluid

82
Q

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection

A

metronidazole

83
Q

Manifestation of trichomonas vaginalis

A

Fishy odor urine and UTI

84
Q

The only stage of T. vaginalis is a _____ and does not undergo ______

A

trophozoite, encystation

85
Q

If alive, it exhibits a Jerky Motility

A

T. vaginalis

86
Q

T vaginalis must be recovered alive. If the parasite is already dead since trophozoite are labile (easily destroyed), the parasite can be mistaken for _______.

A

macrophages

87
Q

A blood and tissue flagellate not present in the philippines

A

Leishmania spp

88
Q

Vector of Leishmania spp

A

Sandfly-Phlebotomus

89
Q

Leishmania spp that is cutaneous and leprosy-like

A

L. tropica

90
Q

Leishmania spp that is mucocutaneous and causes destruction of the pina of the ears & erosion of the nose

A

L. braziliensis

91
Q

A visceral/kala-azar leishmania spp that affects the internal organs

A

L. donovani

92
Q

Two stages of Leishmania spp

A

amastigote and promastigote

93
Q

Amastigote has ___ flagellum and found _____

A

no, intracellularly

94
Q

Promastigote has ____ flagellum and found ______

A

yes, extracellularly

95
Q

Specimen for amastigote

A

muscle tissue and spleen

96
Q

Specimen for promastigote

A

body fluids and blood

97
Q

Diagnosis for leishmania spp includes

A

based on clinical grounds, detection of amastigotes in monocytic cells, montenegro test

98
Q

Positive reaction of montenegro test for Leishmania spp

A

redness and itchiness

99
Q

Causative agent of American trypanosomiasis/Chaga’s disease

A

Tryponosoma cruzi

100
Q

Vector of T. Cruzi

A

Triatoma & rhodnius

101
Q

The vector of T. cruzi are ___ than bed bugs and prefer ___ area

A

bigger, old moist

102
Q

Initial reaction of acute chaga’s disease

A

unilateral swelling of eyes

103
Q

Chronic Chaga’s disease causes ___

A

cardiomegaly; 3 megas (megaesophagus, megacardio, megacolon)

104
Q

T. cruzi is diagnosed through

A

trypomastigotes in blood, amastigotes in tissue, xenodiagnosis, serology

105
Q

Causative agent of sleeping sickness/african trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei complex

106
Q

Vector of T. brucei complex

A

Glossina (tsetsefly)

107
Q

Two subspecies of t. brucei

A

rhodesiense (east african/acute) & gambience (west african/chronic)

108
Q

_____ sign is the manifestation of acute trypanosomiasis. Where cervical lymph node swelling occurs

A

Winterbottom

109
Q

____ sign is the manifestation of chronic trypanosomiasis. Where the patient becomes lethargic and has eversion of sleeping pattern

A

Kerandel

110
Q

Classified with the trichomonads but previously classified with the amoeba

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

111
Q

D. fragilis is ___ and can cause ____

A

pathogenic, diarrhea

112
Q

d. fragilis _____ flagella

A

does not possess

113
Q

During the recovery of ______ eggs, D. fragilis may also be present

A

E. vermicularis

114
Q

Formerly classified as a yeast/fungi and its pathogenicity is being investigated

A

Blastocystis hominis

115
Q

B. hominis in its ___ form is the most common form recovered in stool samples

A

vacuolated

116
Q

Only ciliate parasite of man and the largest protozoan parasite of man

A

Balantidium coli

117
Q

Causative agent of dysentery and intestinal ulcers

A

B. coli

118
Q

Primary reservoir host of B. coli

A

pigs

119
Q

Invasive stage: _______
Infective stage: _______

A

motile, trophozoite
cyst stage

120
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

giardia lamblia

121
Q

Jerky tumbling motility

A

trichomonas vaginalis

122
Q

Corkscrew-like or boring motility

A

chilomastix mesnili

123
Q

Thrown ball-like motility

A

Balantidium coli

124
Q

Causative agent for the infection in AIDS patients

A

Isospora belli

125
Q

Opportunistic and transmitted via ingestion of oocysts

A

isospora belli

126
Q

What is the most commonly performed acid fast staining technique?

A

Ziehl Neelsen

127
Q

End color of I.belli with acid-fast staining

A

red

128
Q

Toxoplasma gondii are transmitted through ingestion of ____ from __

A

oocysts, cat feces

129
Q

Final host of T.gondii

A

Cats/feline

130
Q

The accidental host of T.gondii is ___ through ingestion of contaminated meat or cat feces

A

man

131
Q

In man, ____ can be transferred by transplacental or vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus.

A

T.gondii

132
Q

____ form of T.gondii is most likely found in bodily fluids or in the blood transferred by blood transfusions

A

tachyzoites

133
Q

____ form of T.gondii is most likely found in tissues transferred by organ transplant

A

bradyzoites

134
Q

Tachyzoites of t.gondii are ___ multiplying while bradyzoites are ____ multiplying

A

fast, slow

135
Q

_______ specifically female are the vector of malaria because blood is needed for the parasite to develop the formation of parasite inside the body of the mosquito

A

Anopheles mosquitos

136
Q

Sporogony:
occurs in _____
_____ cycle
formation of _______

A

mosquitos, sexual, sporozoites

137
Q

Schizogony:
occurs in _____
_____ cycle
formation of _______

A

man, asexual, schizonts

138
Q

Infective stage of malaria to the final host

A

gametocyte

139
Q

Infective stage of malaria in man:

A

Sporozoite

140
Q

Complications of malaria

A

blackwater fever, cerebral malaria, hemolytic anemia

141
Q

Diagnostically speaking, the presence of red cell enlargement indicates the presence of _______. If the infected red cells are not enlarged and with double chromatin, it is _______

A

P. vivax, P. falciparum

142
Q

Trophozoites of _____ red cells are not enlarged

A

P. falciparum

143
Q

Trophozoites of ____ red cells are enlarged

A

P.vivax

144
Q

Trophozoites of ____ infected RBCs appear distorted or deformed

A

P. ovale

145
Q

trophozoites of ____ stretches, goes across, or bonds with the RBCs

A

P. malariae

146
Q

Zoonotic disease transmitted via tick bite

A

Babesia spp

147
Q

May be confused with P. falciparum because of the appearance of infected red cells.

A

babesia spp

148
Q

Babesia spp appears like multiple infected red cells, but this is _______ of parasite in the RBCs.

A

maltese cross appearance

149
Q

The most common species of malaria parasite in the Philippines

A

P. falciparum

150
Q

The least common species of malaria parasite in the Philippines

A

P.ovale

151
Q

The final host of Toxoplasma gondii.

A

Cat

152
Q

A cycle of fever rhythmical, chills, and sweating is observed in what parasitic infection?

A

Malaria

153
Q

This is the largest intestinal roundworm.

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

154
Q

Which parasite is acquired by eating contaminated food?

A

Taenia solium

155
Q

Which is not an intestinal parasite?

A

Fasciola hepatica

156
Q

Which is the causative agent of elephantiasis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

157
Q

Which is the drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis?

A

Ivermectin

158
Q

Non- pathogenic flagellate found normally in the tartar

A

T. tenax

159
Q

Non-pathogenic amoeba causing pyorrhea and the trophozoites exhibits finger-like pseudopods

A

E.gingivalis

160
Q

Most pathogenic amoeba of a man

A

E. histolytica

161
Q

Non-pathogenic limen dweller referred to as the American lemon shape cyst

A

C. mesnili

Parasitology (4 decks)

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