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Infectious Disease > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Domain of Fungi

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Kingdom of Fungi

A

Fungi

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3
Q

Phylum of Fungai

A

Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota
etc…

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4
Q

How many phylums are there for Fungai?

A

Depends on who you ask, but typically 8 to 3

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5
Q

Mycology

A

Study of Fungi

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6
Q

Mycology includes the study of…

A

Molds, mushrooms, and yeast

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7
Q

What are Chemoheterotrophs?

A

microbes that use organic chemical substances as sources of energy and organic compounds as the main source of carbon.

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8
Q

Most protists are…

A

Microscopic, unicellular, and Eukaryotes

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9
Q

If protists are Eukaryotes, what does that mean?

A

They have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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10
Q

How do protists move?

A

Using a flagella, cilia, or if your an amoeba, move by extending their pseudopods

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11
Q

Do protists have cell walls?

A

If animal like, no, if plant or fungus like, yes

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12
Q

How are organisms classified as protists?

A

When they don’t meet the requirements for a plant, animal, or fungus

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13
Q

Are protists autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

Both!

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14
Q

How do protists reproduce?

A

Some do binary fission (asexual process of just splitting) but some do sexual reproduction

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15
Q

What is the life cycle of a protist?

A

Are lengthy haploid and diploid stages

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16
Q

Good protists

A

Some help produce oxygen, some are decomposer, some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms

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17
Q

Bad protists

A

Can cause disease (malaria), dangerous amoeba

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18
Q

Are fungi eukaryotes?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Do fungi have cell walls? If so, what are they made out of?

A

Yes, they’re made out of chitin

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20
Q

Where can fungi be found?

A

Dark places, soil, house, aquatic environment you

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21
Q

Where can protists be found?

A

Salt and freshwater, soil, other animals

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22
Q

Are fungi more related to plants or animals?

A

Animals

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23
Q

Do fungi photosynthesize?

A

No!

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24
Q

Are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs, meaning they consume organic matter

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25
Q

Are fungi multi or unicellular?

A

Can be both, most are multi

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26
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Sexual and asexual reproduction but both forms involve spores

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27
Q

How do spores work?

A

Spread far away from parent fungus by wind or animals, or other method

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28
Q

Bad fungi

A

Yes infections, ringworm, thrush, athlete’s foot, parasites, attack plants and destroy crops

29
Q

Good fungi

A

Good decomposers, make food source, involved in foods humans eat (cheese or bread risen by yeast or mushrooms), some have symbiotic mutual relationships with other organisms, can also e found in medicine (antibiotics such as penicilin)

30
Q

What is Protozoology?

A

Study of protozoa

31
Q

Protozoa are defined by three traits

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular, lack of cell wall

32
Q

What subgroup of protozoas don’t move?

A

apicomplexans

33
Q

What kind of environment do protozoa prefer?

A

Moist environments (plankton)
- most live in ponds, streams, lakes, and oceans
- others live in moist soil, beach sand, decaying organic matter

34
Q

Are protozoa pathogens?

A

Only a few

35
Q

Are protozoa diverse?

A

Yes

36
Q

Do some protozoa have two nuclei?

A

Yes!

37
Q

What is the macronucleus for the protozoa?

A
  • Contains many copies of the genome
  • Controls metabolism, growth, and sexual reproduction
38
Q

Micronucleus do what?

A
  • involved in genetic recombination, sexual reproduction, and regernation of micronuceli
39
Q

How do protozoa get nutrients?

A
  • Most are chemoheterotrophic (obtain nutrients by ingesting bacteria, decaying organic matter, other protozoa, or tissues of host
40
Q

How do other protozoa absorb nutrients?

A

From surrounding water

41
Q

What are dinoflagellates and Euglenoids?

A

Photoautrophic

42
Q

Photoautrophic?

A

Use photosynthesis to gain nutrients

43
Q

Protozoa Reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually only through binary fission or schizogony

44
Q

Schizogony?

A

Multiple mitoses without cytokinesis; eventually many daughter cells are produced at once

45
Q

Do any protoza reproduce sexually?

A

A few due by becoming gametocytes that fuse with one another to form diploid zygotes and others utilize a process called conjugation

46
Q

Taxa Parabasala

A
  • Lack mitochondria
  • has single nucleus
  • Parabasal body (golgi body-like structure)
    EX: Trichomonas
47
Q

What is a trichomonas?

A
  • Normally live in human vagina
  • When pH of vagina raises (becomes basic) the protozoa can proliferate and cause severe inflamation
  • Can cause sterility in human women
  • Spread through intercourse and is usually asymptomatic in males
48
Q

Taxa Diplomonadida

A
  • Lack mitochondria, golgi, bodies, peroxisomes
  • Originally thought to branch off evolutionary tree before eukaryotes phagocytized the prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria, but geneticists have found mitosomes which are remnants of the organelles they have lost 2 equal sized nuclei
    EX: Giardia
49
Q

Giardia

A

Diarrhea causing pathogen of animals and humans
Spreads when host ingest Giardia cysts from contaminated food/water

50
Q

Taxa Euglenozoa

A
  • Characteristics of both plants and animals
  • Scientists originally created Kingdom Protista as a dumping ground for these organisms
    EX: Euglenids and Kinetoplastids
51
Q

Taxa Alveolates

A
  • Small, membrane bound cavities called alveoli beneath the cell surface
  • Scientists don’t know the purpose
52
Q

What are the three subgroups of alevolates?

A

Ciliates, apicomplexons, dinoflagellates

53
Q

Taxa Rhizaria

A
  • 1 kingdom of amoebae
  • Protozoa that move and feed by means of pseudopods = amoebae
    EX: Foraminifera and Radiolaria
54
Q

Foraminifera are what?

A
  • armored marine amoebae
  • calcium carbonate, porous shell
  • fossil species
  • some form limestone hundred
55
Q

Radiolaria are what?

A

s- hell made of SiO2, mineral found in opal
-live unattached as marine plankton

56
Q

Taxa Amoeboza

A
  • 2nd kingdom of amoebae
  • Lobe shaped pseudopods and no shells
  • Free living Naegleria and Acanthamoeba which can each causes disease of eyes or brains of animals that swim in water containing them.
    EX: Entamoeba and Slime Molds
57
Q

Slime Molds are what?

A

Different from fungi: lack cell walls, and are phagocytic rather than absoptive in nutrition

58
Q

What are fungi cell walls compased of?

A

Chitin

59
Q

Do fungi photosynthesize?

A

No! They lack clorophyll

60
Q

What are the parts of a fungi?

A

Fruiting body, spore producing structures, the hyphae, mycellium

61
Q

What is mold?

A

Relatively large and compsed of long, branched tubular filaments called hyphae

62
Q

What is yeast?

A

Typically small, globulal, and composed of a single cell which may have buds

63
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A
  • Both moldlike and yeastlike
  • Many medically important fungi are thermally dimorphic.
  • They change growth habits in response to temperature in their immediate vicinity.
64
Q

What are zygomycota?

A
  • Molds are called zygomycetes
  • Coenocytic (multiple nuclei in one cell)
  • Most are saprobes (feed on dead or decaying matter)
  • Some are parasites of insects and other Fungi
  • Reproduce sexually and asexually
65
Q

Asconycota

A
  • Ascomycetes reproduce asexually by conidiospores
  • Partner with green algae and cyanobacteria to form lichens
  • Familiar and economically important fungi
    - Most of the fungi that spoil food
    - Plant pathogens
66
Q

Basidiomycota

A
  • Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, jelly fungi, bird’s nest fungi, Toadstools, or bracket fungi = visible fruiting bodies
  • Important decomposers : digest ligin and cellulose
  • Many mushrooms produce toxins/hallucinogenic chemicals
67
Q

Deuteromycetes

A
  • Imperfect fungi
  • Unknown sexual stages
  • rRNA analysis revealed that MOST dueteromycetes belong in the division Ascomycota
68
Q

Which fungi reproduce sexually?

A

Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota are based on sexual reproduction.

Infectious Disease (3 decks)

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