protozoa

Question 1

protozoa features

Answer 1

unicellular, eukaryotic, many are mobile

Question 2

amebas

Answer 2

move by extending cytoplasmic projections

Question 3

flagellates

Answer 3

move by rotating whip like flagellates

Question 4

sporozoan

Answer 4

non motile adult forms

Question 5

intestinal parasites

Answer 5

Entamoeba histolytica (ameba), Giardia lamblia (flagellate), Cryptosporidium parvum (sporozoan)

Question 6

urogenital parasites

Answer 6

Trichomonas vaginalis (flagellate)

Question 7

blood and tissues parasites

Answer 7

Plasmodium species (sporozoan), Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan), Trypanosoma species (flagellate), Leishmania species (flagellate), Acanthamoeba castellanii (ameba)

Question 8

Enantamoeba histolytica

Answer 8

ameba, intestinal; infects colon with secondary infection of liver; dx by presence of characteristic cysts in stools (infectious cysts)

Question 9

Giardia lamblia

Answer 9

flagellate, intestinal; infection results from drinking contaminated water; incubation of 10days; acute infection sudden onset with foul smelling diarrhea; dx by presence of cysts or trophozoites in stools; most commonly diagnosed parasitic INTESTINAL infection in US

Question 10

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 10

sporozoan, intestinal; infects lower small intestine; organisms are INTRACELLULAR parasites; dx by modified acid fast stain of stool sample

Question 11

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 11

flagellate, urogenital; infects vagina, vulva, and cervix in females; infects urethra, prostate and seminal vesicles in males; higher than normal pH favors disease (common UTI)

Question 12

Trypanosoma brucii

Answer 12

flagellate, blood and tissues; African sleeping sickness; vector is tsetse fly; primary lesion (chancre); spreads to lymph and then CNS

Question 13

Plasmodium species

Answer 13

sporozoan, blood and tissues; malaria–acute infectious disease of the blood (mosquito is vector), asexual repro in human cells, sexual repro in mosquito; dx depends on detection of parasite within RBC’s–deadliest parasitic infection

Question 14

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 14

sporozoan, blood and tissues; intracellular parasite; infects all vertebrate species (primary host is cat); infection of normal human host asymptomatic; immunocompromised or pregnancy aqcuired infections very dangerous; directly destroy cells, block blood vessels, cause necrosis

Question 15

Leishmania species

Answer 15

flagellate, blood and tissues; 3 clinical types: cutaneous (ulcerating skin sores), mucocutaneous (sores in mucosal-dermal junction, multiple lesions), visceral (initially infect macrophages which migrate to the spleen, liver and bone marrow); transmission to humans is the bite of the sandfly

Question 16

Acanthamoeba castellani

Answer 16

free living ameba, blood and tissues; causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis; also can cause infection of cornea which is seen in contact lens wearers who suffer traumatic eye injury