Prototype Drugs Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha- and Beta- Adrenergic Agonist

A

Dopamine (Intropin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indications for Dopamine

A

Correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actions of Dopamine

A

Acts directly and by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals; mediates dilation of vessels in the renal and splanchnic beds to maintain renal perfusion while stimulating the sympathetic response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pharmocokinetics of Dopamine

A

Route: IV
Onset: 1-2 min
Peak: 10 min
Duration: Length of infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Half-life of Dopamine

A

2 min; metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adverse Effects of Dopamine

A

Tachycardia, ectopic beats, anginal pain, hypotension, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, headache.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta- specific adrenergic agonists

A

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indications for Isoproterenol

A

Management of bronchospasm during anesthesia; vasopressor during shock; adjunct in the management of cardiac standstill and arrest, as well as serious ventricular arrhythmias that require increased inotropic (contraction of the heart muscle) action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Actions of isoproterenol

A

Acts on beta- adrenergic receptors to produce increased heart rate, positive inotropic effect, bronchodilation and vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharmacokinetics of isoproterenol

A

Route: IV
Onset : immediate
Duration: 1-2 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Half-life of isoproterenol

A

unknown; metabolized in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects of isoproterenol

A

Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, respiratory difficulties, coughing, pulmonary edema, sweating, pallor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alpha- specific adrenergic agonist

A

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indications for phenylephrine

A

Treatment of vascular failure in shock or drug-induced hypotension; to overcome paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; to prolong spinal anesthesia; as a vasoconstrictor in regional anesthesia; to maintain blood pressure during anesthesia; topically for symptomatic relief of nasal congestion and as adjunctive therapy in middle ear infections; ophthalmically to dilate pupils and as a decongestant to provide temporary relief of eye irritation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Actions of phenylephrine

A

Powerful postsynaptic alpha- adrenergic receptor stimulant causing vasoconstriction and raising systolic and diastolic blood pressure with little effect on the beta- receptors int the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmacokinetics of phenylephrine

A

Route: IV
Onset : immediate
Duration: 15 -20 min

Route: IM, SQ
Onset: 10-15 min
Duration: 30 -120 min

Route: topical
Onset: very little systemic absorption occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Half-life of phenylephrine

A

47 to 100 hours; metabolized in the tissues and liver; excreted in urine and bile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adverse effects of phenylephrine

A

Fear, anxiety, restlessness, headache, nausea, decreased urine formation, pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nonselective adrenergic blocking agent

A

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)

20
Q

Indications of labetalol

A

Hypertension, alone or in combination with other drugs; off-label uses– control of blood pressure in pheochromocytoma, clonidine-withdrawal hypertension.

21
Q

Actions of labetalol

A

Competitively blocks alpha- and beta- receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system, leading to lower blood pressure without reflex tachycardia and decrease renin levels.

22
Q

Pharmacokinetics of labetalol

A

Route Oral IV
Onset. Varies. Immediate
Peak 1-2 h. 5 min
Duration 8-12h. 5.5 h

23
Q

Half-life of labetalol

A

6-8 hours, with hepatic metabolism and excretion in the urine.

24
Q

Adverse effects of labetalol

A

dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, decreased exercise tolerance.

25
Q

Nonselective alpha- adrenergic blocking agents.

A

Phentolamine (Regitine)

26
Q

Indications for phentolamine

A

Prevention or control of hypertensive episodes associated with pheochromocytoma; prevention and treatment of dermal necrosis and sloughing associated with IV extravasation of norephinephrine or dopamine.

27
Q

Actions of phentolamine

A

Competitively blocks postsynaptic alpha 1 and presynaptic alpha 2 receptors, causing vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure, accompanied by increased reflex tachycardia.

28
Q

Pharmacokinetics of phentolamine

A

Route IM IV
Onset Rapid. Immediate
Peak 20 min. 2 min
Duration- 30-45 min. 15-30 min

29
Q

Half-life of phentolamine

A

Metabolism and excretion are unknown

30
Q

Adverse effects of phentolamine

A

Acute and prolonged hypotensive episodes, MI tachycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, flushing.

31
Q

Nonselective beta- adrenergic blocking agent

A

Propranolol (Inderal)

32
Q

Indications for propranolol

A

Treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, IHSS (idiopathic hypertropic subaortic stenosis), supraventricular tachycardia, tremor; prevention of reinfarction after MI; adjunctive therapy in pheochromocytoma; prophylaxis of migraine headache; management of situational anxiety.

33
Q

Actions of propranolol

A

competitively blocks beta- adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus; reduces vascular tone in the CNS.

34
Q

Pharmacokinetics of propranolol

A

Route : Oral IV
Onset : 20- 30 min Immediate
Peak : 60- 90 min 1 min
Duration : 6-12 h 4-6 h

35
Q

Half-life of propranolol

A

3-5 hours with hepatic metabolism and excretion in the urine.

36
Q

Adverse effects of propranolol

A

allergic reaction, bradycardia, CHF, cardiac arrhythmias, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, decreased exercise tolerances, bronchospasm

37
Q

Alpha 1 selective adrenergic blocking agent

A

Doxazosin

38
Q

Indications for doxazosin

A

treat HTN, and BPH

39
Q

action of doxazosin

A

blocks alpha 1 receptor sites causing vasodilation

40
Q

adverse effects doxazosin

A

dizziness, weakness, fatigue N/V, abdominal pain, diarrhea, edema, arrhythmias, hypotension, CHF, angina

41
Q

D2D interactions of doxazosin

A

vasodilators or antihypertensive drug

42
Q

beta 1 selective adrenergic blocking agents

A

atenolol

43
Q

indications for atenolol

A

control HTN in pts who smoke, have asthma, COPD, seasonal or allergic rhinitis. Used to treat HTN, angina and some cardiac arrhythmias

44
Q

Action of atenolol

A

blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors, decreasing the excitablity of the heart, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption; decreases renin release, which lowers blood pressure.

45
Q

Pharmo atenolol

A

Oral, IV route
varies, immediate onset
2-4 hr, 5 min peak
24hr duration

46
Q

Half-life atenolol

A

6-7 hr, excreted in the bile, feces and urine

47
Q

Adverse effects of atenolol

A

allergic rxn, dizziness, bradycardia, CHF, arrhythmias, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, decreased exercise tolerance