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Mammalian Diversity > Prototheria > Flashcards

Prototheria Flashcards

1
Q

How may orders are found within the Protheria ?

A

Only one- The Monotremes

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2
Q

Give the development to Monotremes ?

A 
Synapsids
Pelycosaurs
Therapsids 
Cycodonts
Australosphenidians
Monotremes
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3
Q

They are the most primitive mammals alive today

True or False

A

True

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4
Q

Which super continent where the early ancestors of Monotremes restricted to ?

A

Southern supercontinent Gondwana

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5
Q

Why are they called Monotremes ?

A

‘One holed species’

Single hole for faeces, urine, gametes

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6
Q

What is the name of the single hole in monotremes ?

A

Cloaca

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7
Q

What reptilian features remain in the monotremes ?

A

They lay hard-shelled eggs and brood them.

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8
Q

How do Monotreme infants suck milk ?

A

Lap tufts hair covering mammary glands

No Mammilae

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9
Q

What is a Mammilae ?

A

A teat, Nipple. Enables milk delivery.

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10
Q

Monotremes have teeth
Monotremes are venomous
True or false ?

A

False

True

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11
Q

How many living species are there ?

A

5
Echindna (4)
Duck billed platypus

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12
Q

How many families of Monotreme are there ?

A

2

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13
Q

What are echidna spines made from ?

A

They are modified hairs, fur is beneath spines.

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14
Q

What is the diet of echidna ?

A

Invertebrates, ants, termites

Spines on roof of mouth and tongue enable digestion

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15
Q

Describe the life cycle of echidna offspring

A

Short gestation
Eggs hatch after 10 days
young move to a pouch where they feed off milk for 6 months

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16
Q

Give the 4 species of Ecidna

A

1 Short beaked- Australia

3 Long beaked- New guinea

17
Q

Give the name of critically endangered echidna

A

Zaglossus Attenboroughi

V localised habitat

18
Q

Give the adaption of platypus that enable them to hunt

A

Electrolocation,

Enables them to find benthic invertebrates as shut eyes when they dive.

19
Q

What is the role of the hind feet

A

They are partially webbed

Act as rudders

20
Q

What is the role of the front feet ?

A

They are fully webbed

Enable powerful swimming.

21
Q

What is the role of the tail ?

A

Fat storage

22
Q

Give the life cycle of the duck billed platypus’s offspring.

A

Usually have 2 eggs, placed in a burrow
Incubated for 10 days
No pouch
3-4 month lactation

23
Q

Give the key adaption of male platypus,

A

Spurs on the rear ankles
Connected to venom glands in the high.
Increase in size at mating time

24
Q

How many genes does the platypus have ?

A

18,500

Same number as humans

25
Q

What genes are found in the bill of the platypus ?

A

Olfactory receptor genes

smell

26
Q

Platypus’s contain genes from birds, what are these for ?

A

Egg laying

27
Q

Describe the genes for the males venom glands.

A

Evolved from duplications in a group of genes, from ancestral reptiles.

Duplication in the same genes has given the same venom glands in modern reptiles.

Mammalian Diversity (19 decks)

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