Protostomes

Question 1

What does ‘platyhelminth’ mean?

Answer 1

Flatworm

Question 2

How many cell layers do flat worms have?

Answer 2

3: endo- ecto- and mesoderm

Question 3

How do flatworms breathe?

Answer 3

By diffusion between cells and the water

Question 4

How many openings does a flatworm gut have?

Answer 4

One. (Tapeworms- no gut)

Question 5

Where do most species of platyhelminths live?

Answer 5

Inside the bodies of other animals; all tapeworms and many flukes have vertebrates as their definitive host

Question 6

What is a ‘definitive host’?

Answer 6

Species in which parasites reaches; where it breeds sexually

Question 7

What are the 4 ‘classical’ classes of Platyhelminthes?

Answer 7

Trematoda, turbellaria, digenaea, cedtoda

Question 8

How do free living flatworms move?

Answer 8

Crawl by action of cilia; some can undulate their body- swim

Question 9

How are flatworms model systems to study animal development?

Answer 9

Because even small portions can regenerate into completely new worm.

Question 10

What are the hosts of schistosoma?

Answer 10

Humans and water snails

Question 11

What are the two kinds of body parts that cestoda have called?

Answer 11

The scolex (head end, with suckers and hooks) and proglottids which bud off just behind the scolex

Question 12

What do tapeworms lack?

Answer 12

A gut

Question 13

What do oligochaetes and leeches have that polychaetes do not?

Answer 13

A clitellum and fairly complete septa and a fluid filled coelom

Question 14

Why do crustacea have larger and faster beating heart than insects?

Answer 14

Crustacea rely on blood to deliver oxygen from gills to body tissues. Insects deliver oxygen through tracheae, air-filled tubes

Question 15

What does metamorphis mean?

Answer 15

‘Change in form’ in arthropods refers to a change in body form from one phase of life cycle to another- nauplius to zoea larva to adult crab.

Question 16

When did the trilobites live

Answer 16

First in the Cambrian; extinct soon after Palaeozoic

Question 17

What kind of limbs do crustacea have?

Answer 17

4 (2 pairs) - unlike insects, who have one pair. In crustacea, each antenna is biramous

Question 18

3 extant classes of crustacea

Answer 18

Malacostraca, branchiopoda, maxillopoda

Question 19

What are ‘moulting animals’ known as?

Answer 19

Ecdysozoans

Question 20

What kind of legs do insects have?

Answer 20

Uniramous

Question 21

What does insect mean

Answer 21

In sections

Question 22

What appendages do insects have on their heads?

Answer 22

One pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts

Question 23

Which segments bear wings in adult insects?

Answer 23

The second and third thoracic segments

Question 24

What type of life-cycle do dragonflies and grasshoppers have?

Answer 24

Hemimetabolous or incomplete metamorphosis (without pupa)

Question 25

What kind of insects have complete metamorphosis (holometabolous life cycles)?

Answer 25

Diptera, coleoptera, lepidoptera, hmenyoptera

Question 26

Roughly how many species of insect have been named?

Answer 26

at least a million- most are beetles

Question 27

What are the air tubes called that insects use for respiration?

Answer 27

Tracheae: single=trachea

Question 28

Compared to crustacea, do insects have fast or slow heart rates?

Answer 28

Slow- crustacea unlike insects rely on blood flow to deliver oxygen to tissues

Question 29

Indirect flight muscles

Answer 29

Move wings up and down by changing the shape of the thorax

Question 30

Name four british types of insects

Answer 30

Apis, gryllus, aeshna, coccinella

Question 31

What 2 types of eye do adult insects have on their heads?

Answer 31

Compound eyes, ocelli