Deuterostomes

Question 1

From what structure did vertebrate jaws evolve?

Answer 1

Gill arches of early fish

Question 2

Which vertebrate class has the largest number of species?

Answer 2

Osteichthyes (the bony fish)

Question 3

Which class do sciliorhinus and raja belong?

Answer 3

Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish or elasmobranchs).

Question 4

What senses are well developed in many chondrichthys?

Answer 4

Chemoreception, electroreception.

Question 5

What is the buoyancy organ of bony fish?

Answer 5

Swimbladder

Question 6

What are Sarcopterygii?

Answer 6

‘Lobe-finned’ fish: small group of osteichthyes- lungfish & coelacanths

Question 7

What kind of limb to land vertebrates have?

Answer 7

Pentadactyl

Question 8

What is the name of the group of animas that amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals belong to?

Answer 8

Tetrapods

Question 9

What is the name of the group of animals that birds, reptiles and mammals belong to?

Answer 9

Amniotes

Question 10

What does ‘Amphibia’ mean?

Answer 10

Both lives- larva and adults forms

Question 11

How many chambers does and amphibian heart have?

Answer 11

Three

Question 12

How many chambers does a reptile heart have?

Answer 12

Three- but partial division of ventricle

Question 13

What are bird feathers made of?

Answer 13

Keratin

Question 14

What is the name for the mammalian external ear?

Answer 14

Pinna

Question 15

What kind of egg do reptiles lay?

Answer 15

Amniotic

Question 16

What does ‘paraphyletic’ mean?

Answer 16

A group of organisms that does not include ALL descendants of their most recent common ancestor

Question 17

Give and example of a paraphyletic group

Answer 17

Reptiles

Question 18

How do reptiles ventilate their lungs?

Answer 18

By movement of ribs

Question 19

What does ‘saur’ mean?

Answer 19

Lizard

Question 20

What kind of skulls do turtles have?

Answer 20

Anapsid

Question 21

What modern animals have synapsid skulls?

Answer 21

Mammals

Question 22

Where are sea turtles eggs laid?

Answer 22

In holes dug by the female on sandy beaches- their own natal beaches

Question 23

Where do tuataras live?

Answer 23

Coastal islands on New Zealand

Question 24

What kind of animals belong to the Squamata?

Answer 24

Lizards, snakes

Question 25

What is special about lizard and snake jaws?

Answer 25

The upper as well as the lower jaw articulates with the cranium (brain box)

Question 26

How is the sex of crocodiles determines during development?

Answer 26

Incubation temperature

Question 27

When did large dinosaurs die out?

Answer 27

The Cretaceous.

Question 28

What characteristic features do mammalian ears uniquely have?

Answer 28

A pinna; and 3 bones link ear drum to ear

Question 29

How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What powers ventilation of mammalian lung?

Answer 30

Diaphragm

Question 31

What sub classes of extant mammals are there?

Answer 31

Protheria & theria

Question 32

What kinda of living protherians are there?

Answer 32

Duck billed platypus, spiny ant-eaters (echidnas)

Question 33

Where do marsupials live?

Answer 33

Mainly Australia, New Guineas, south america

Question 34

What order of mammals has the most species?

Answer 34

Rodents

Question 35

What does 'chiroptera' mean?

Answer 35

Hand-wing

Question 36

What method do bats use to navigate and find insects in the darkness?

Answer 36

Echolocation

Question 37

What are the two main groups of modern primate?

Answer 37

Prosimians and anthropoids.

Question 38

What does 'echinoderm' mean?

Answer 38

Spiny skinned

Question 39

What features distinguish protostomes from deuterostomes?

Answer 39

Protostomes- blastopore becomes mouth (first mouth), spiral cleavage Deuterostomes- blastopore becomes anus (second mouth), radial cleavage

Question 40

Where do all echinoderms live?

Answer 40

In the sea

Question 41

What is a madreporite?

Answer 41

A sieve-like covering to the opening of the water vascular system

Question 42

Name a British starfish and sea urchin

Answer 42

Asterias, echinus

Question 43

What kind of feet do most echinoderms have?

Answer 43

Tube feet

Question 44

What are the major modern echinoderm classes?

Answer 44

``` Asteroidea- starfish Echinoidea- sea cucumbers Crinoidea- feather stars Ophiuroidea- brittle stars Holithurioidea- sea cucumbers ```

Question 45

What is the system of canals that connect with tube feet of echinoderms called?

Answer 45

Water vascular system

Question 46

What do brittle stars lack?

Answer 46

Gut and anus

Question 47

What are the pincer-like structures on the surface if many echinoderms called?

Answer 47

Pedicellariae

Question 48

How do holothuroidea breathe?

Answer 48

Respiratory tree