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Conflict And Catastrophe Medicine > Protocols > Flashcards

Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

Why is mass migration post disaster such a big issue?

A

Less healthcare infrastructure and increased risk of disease

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2
Q

What are the benefits of the cluster system?

A

Increased capacity
Leadership
Agreed objectives
Accountability
Field-level coordination

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3
Q

How many global clusters are there?

A

11

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4
Q

Who are clusters accountable to?

A

UN emergency relief coordinator

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5
Q

Why might some organisations not take part in the cluster system?

A

They want to be independent and neutral (👀MSF, ICRC)

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6
Q

How much money does the department for international development donate?

A

£528 million in 09/10

£100m to ECHO and £66m to the ICRC

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7
Q

What proportion of DFID money went to humanitarian emergencies?

A

11%

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8
Q

What is the disasters and emergency committee?

A

Up to 15 charities working in the disaster field

Joint fundraising
Response focal point
Cooperation and coordination
Accountability and effectiveness

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9
Q

What was the Crisp report and what did it say?

A

Report published in feb 2007 making 14 recommendations about the UK’s response to emergencies

Basically said we need Human Resources (and organisation) not money

But ignored till after Haiti 2010

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10
Q

What is the international emergency trauma register?

A

Database of accredited volunteers that have a prospective release agreement with their employers

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11
Q

When was the international emergency trauma register first used?

A

Libya

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12
Q

What was the international emergency trauma register rebranded as for Ebola?

A

Emergency medical register

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13
Q

Who created the international emergency trauma register?

A

DFID/DOH and interested NGOs

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14
Q

What caused the set up of the international emergency trauma register?

A

Haiti 2010

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15
Q

What does training for disaster relief include?

A

Introduction
Speciality courses
Under canvas simulation training
Security training
Health screening
Leadership courses

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16
Q

What is the issue with austere training courses?

A

They’re so expensive

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17
Q

What is the Hyogo framework for action?

A

Disaster risk reduction as priority
Assess risks and enhance early warning
Measures taken to protect vunerable populations
Reduce risk factors
Strengthen disaster preparedness

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18
Q

When did the Hyogo framework for action come about and how many countries signed?

A

2005

168 signatories

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19
Q

What is the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction?

A

The successor to the Hyogo framework that focuses on:
Improving capacity and resilience
Reducing mortality

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20
Q

What years is the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction active?

A

2015-30

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21
Q

What are the limiting factors in trauma care?

A

Staff, stuff, space, systems

Staff availability and training
Enough equipment and implants
Available theatres and wards
Transport and funding

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22
Q

What are the Geneva conventions?

A

Laws protecting those no longer involved in war (civilians and ex military)

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23
Q

What are the laws of Hague?

A

Rights and obligations of belligerents and restricts means of harming the enemy

(basically protecting how war is carried out)

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24
Q

Who can use the red cross (/moon/crystal) symbol?

A

Armed forces medical services
ICRC/IFRC
Civilian hospitals
Other agencies with authorisation

25
What does the Red Cross mean?
That place is protected
26
What are some examples of war crimes?
Willful killing of a protected person Torture or inhumane treatments Willful injury or suffering Deliberate civilian attacks Use of prohibited weapons Misuse of emblem Pillage of private property
27
What is the difference between military physicians and humanitarian workers?
Can only carry weapons as self defence If captured, they’re considered detained persons not POW
28
What are the minimum maternal health services that should be available?
For every 500,000: 1 comprehensive EmOC 4 BEmOC And 20km away from CEmOC 5km from BEmOC
29
What proportion of births should take place in EmOC?
>15%
30
What could cause <15% births to take place in EmOC?
Bad quality Community rumours Male doctor Language barriers Money Logistics
31
What % of births should be C sections?
5-15%
32
What is the maximum acceptable case fatality rate in EmOCs?
1%
33
What are the Oslo guidelines?
Basically military shouldn’t be involved in humanitarian work because it puts them at risk (unless humanitarian agencies are unable or unwilling to provide the necessary support)
34
What does the criminal court act of 2001 say?
British nationals can be prosecuted for certain crimes committed overseas
35
What are the international PMCs?
Framework for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving the management of security operations
36
What are the emergency phase priorities of a refugee camp?
Initial assessment measles immunisation Water and sanitation Shelter Food and nutrition HR and training Coordination Sources
37
What are the medical priorities in the emergency refugee phase?
Communicable disease control public health surveillance
38
What does the initial assessment of the emergency refugee phase include?
Political context Population size and movement assessment Map of site Environmental conditions Epidemic/endemic disease Estimation of recent mortality rates Food/water availability International or local organisations
39
What is the sphere project (and what year was it implemented in)?
Minimum standards to improve the quality of humanitarian assistance and ensure accountability 1997
40
What are the chapters in the sphere protocols?
What is sphere Humanitarian charter Protection principles Core humanitarian standard Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion Food security and nutrition Shelter and settlement Health
41
What triggered the creation of the sphere project?
Rwandan genocide
42
What is the humanitarian charter?
Summary of the core legal principles that are the most relevant for the welfare of people affected by disaster or conflict
43
What is the standard information collected in a health assessment?
Mortality Morbidity Vaccination Nutrition Water Sanitation Shelter
44
When are health assessments relevant?
Refugee/IDP Disaster relief Complex emergencies Infectious disease
45
What do you need to consider when carrying out a health assessment?
Timescale Purpose Ability to respond Stove-pipes and sectors Politics Cost Quality/quantity
46
What are the key mortality indicators?
Crude mortality rate Age specific Case specific death rates Maternal mortality
47
What are the key morbidity indicators?
Incidence Prevalence Nutritional situation Immunisation Vital needs Health service activities
48
What is the early warning alert and response network used for?
Supply essential data esp in the acute phase of an emergency
49
Why is surveillance data useful?
Set priorities Detect disease outbreaks in a timely manner (prevent epidemics) Determine distribution and spread of disease Set up appropriate and effective public health responses Provide data to evaluate control measures Plan and set up programmes and monitor progress
50
What does DAPS framework stand for and where does it come from?
Dignity Access Participation Safety From ICRC
51
What does the DAPS framework say ?
Dignity - respect, safeguard and promote the dignity and privacy of individuals Access - non-discriminatory and physical/economic access Participation - everyone involved in decision making Safety - sector specific but inc child protection, sexual and gender based violence, internal protection system
52
How do you deal with communicable disease in emergencies?
Rapid assessment Prevention Surveillance Outbreak control Disease management
53
How much water do you need per person per day?
15 Litres
54
What are the guidelines for water availability?
Max: 250/tap 500/hand pump 400/open hand well 100/laundry facility 50/bathing facility
55
What are the key considerations for emergency water supply?
Phased approach is best Quantity over quality Choose sites near water Assessment of water sources Operation and maintenance Community participation and training Importance of hygiene activities
56
What are the guidelines for toilets?
1 per 20 people Min 50m from dwelling
57
What are the minimum hygiene requirements in a refugee situation?
2 water containers (storage and collection) 250g pp bath soap 200g pp laundry soap Soap and water at hand washing station after toilet
58
What are the triggers for urgent nutritional action?
Crude mortality 1/10000/day Child (<5yrs) mortality 4/10000/day <1500 kcal/day in adults
59
What is a triage sieve vs triage sort?
Sieve = quickly sort lots of casualties on the front line Sort = in depth in hospital (evidence based)

Conflict And Catastrophe Medicine (4 decks)

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