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Usmle Step 1 Review > Proto Oncongenes Review > Flashcards

Proto Oncongenes Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

PDGFB action?

A

Encodes platelet endothelial growth factor
Plays a physiological role in blood vessel growth

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of PDGFB?

A

Autocrine loop overexpression

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3
Q

PDGFB is associated with which type of cancer?

A

Astrocytoma

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4
Q

What is the action of ERBB1/EGFR?

A

Tyrosine kinase
-encodes epidermal growth factor receptor

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5
Q

The ERBB1/EGFR is associated with what types of cancer?

A

Glioblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, head and neck carcinomas

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6
Q

ERBB2/HER2/neu action?

A

Tyrosine kinase

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7
Q

The ERBB2/HER2/neu gene is associated with what types of cancer?

A

Breast carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma

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8
Q

What is the action of the RET gene?

A

Encodes for neural growth factor receptor

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9
Q

If there is a point mutation in the RET gene what cancers can arise?

A

Múltiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, 2B, medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

What is the action of the BCL-2 gene?

A

Anti apoptotic molecule

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11
Q

What happens if there is a translocation between chromosomes 14 and 18 involving the BCL-2 gene?

A

Follicular B cell lymphoma

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12
Q

What is the action of the KIT gene?

A

Encodes stem cell growth factor receptor

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13
Q

What cancers can arise if there is a point mutation in the KIT gene?

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

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14
Q

What is the function of the RAS gene?

A

Encodes for a GTP binding protein

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15
Q

What cancers can arise if there is a point mutation in the RAS gene?

A

Carcinoma of the lung, colon, pancreas
Melanoma and lymphoma

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16
Q

What is the function of the ABL gene?

A

Encodes for a tyrosine kinase

17
Q

What happens if there is a chromosome 2 translocation and inversion leading to a fusion gene called EML4-ALK?

A

It can lead to large cell lymphoma and non small cell lung cancer

18
Q

What is the function of the c-MYC gene?

A

Encodes for a tyrosine kinase

19
Q

What happens if there is a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 ?

A

It can lead to burkitts lymphoma

20
Q

What is the function of the gene N-MYC?

A

Encodes for a transcription factor

21
Q

What happens if the N-MYC gene is amplified?

A

It can lead to a neuroblastoma

22
Q

What is the function of the L-MYC gene?

A

Encodes for a transcription factor

23
Q

What happens if there is a amplification of the L-MYC gene?

A

It can lead to small cell lung cancer

24
Q

What is the function of the CCND1 ( cyclin D1)

A

Produces cyclin

25
Q

What happens if there is a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 14?

A

It can lead to mantle cell lymphoma

26
Q

What is the function of CDK4 gene?

A

Cyclin dependent kinase

27
Q

What happens if the CDK4 gene is amplified?

A

It can lead to the development of melanoma

Usmle Step 1 Review (2 decks)

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