Protists

Question 1

Anti

Answer 1

Against

Question 2

Di-

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

Gymno-

Answer 3

Naked

Question 4

Myco-

Answer 4

Tungus

Question 5

Rhiz

Answer 5

Root

Question 6

Stoma

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

Troph

Answer 7

Nourishment

Question 8

Desiccation

Answer 8

To dry out

Question 9

Dormancy

Answer 9

To be temporarily inactive

Question 10

Conjugate

Answer 10

Joined together (especially in pairs)

Question 11

Characteristics of protists

Answer 11

Very diverse, can cause disease, eukaryotes but not Fungus, plants, or animals

Question 12

Who developed endosymbiant theory?

Answer 12

Lynn margulis

Question 13

Endosym biotic theory

Answer 13

Mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria engulfed by anaerobic eukaryote
Chloroplasts evolved from aerobic photosynthetic Cyanobacteria engulfed by a non photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 14

Who discovered endosymbiosis amoeba

Answer 14

Dr. Kwong jeong

Question 15

What evidence justifies the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 15

DNA similarity, lack histones, ribosome and RNA similarity , replicate by binary fission

Question 16

What evidence is there for endosymbiosis in the natural world?

Answer 16

Streptomycin inhibits bacterial ribosomes; no effect eukaryotic ribosomes, inhibits mitochondrial ribosomes

Question 17

Obligate endosymbiosis

Answer 17

Either the endosymbiont or the host cannot survive without the other

Question 18

Evidence of obligate endosymbiosis

Answer 18

If bacteria is removed, amoebas die

Question 19

What domain is protists?

Answer 19

Domain eukarya

Question 20

What supergroup are most protists?

Answer 20

Supergroup excavata

Question 21

Characteristics of supergroup excavata

Answer 21

Excavated feeding groove or “ditch” in the body

Question 22

Protists flagellum

Answer 22

protists have 9+2 flagellum that move side to side

Question 23

Giardia intestinalis (scientific name)

Answer 23

Causes giardiasis “beaver fever” - animal feces in water
*EXCAVATA

Question 24

Who discovered giardia and how?

Answer 24

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Studied his sick neighbors feces and found “little animals”

Question 25

Tricomonas vaginalis (scientific name)

Answer 25

Causes trichomoniasis (vaginitis); most common curable STI; only 15% people have symptoms; trichomonas feed on bacteria
*EXCAVATA

Question 26

Trypanosoma (scientific name)

Answer 26

Causes chagas disease “ kissing bug”
Extra cellular parasite
Testes fly gives “African sleeping disease”
*EXCAVATA

Question 27

Dinoflagellates

Answer 27

Marine photosynthetic
Bioluminescent (makes water glow)
Causes red tide
Some release toxins causing respiratory failure
*CHROMALVEOLATA

Question 28

Plasmodium

Answer 28

Causes malaria; “ringtroph” inside of blood cells
*CHROMALVEOLATA

Question 29

Toxoplasma gondi

Answer 29

Lives in cat guts
Risk for weakened immune system and babies in womb
Is ingested and can cause damage to nervous system
*CHROMALVEOLATA

Question 30

Paramecium characteristics

Answer 30

Cilia
Macro and micro nuclei
Contractile vacuole
Hypertonic
Gullet -takes in food particles

Question 31

How do most protists reproduce?

Answer 31

Asexual transverse fission

Question 32

Conjugation ( sexual reproduction)

Answer 32

1. Paramecium align
2. Performs meiosis to make 4 haploid molecules
3. 3 of 4 micro nuclei degenerate -> mitosis of nucleus
4. Mates (+/-) micro molecules fuse (2n)
5. Old macromolecules degenerates and new macro nucleus does mitosis
6. One micro nucleus differentiates into macro nucleus

Question 33

Benefit of sexual reproduction (conjugation)

Answer 33

Enhances genetic diversity