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Bio 102 > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Kingdom vividiplantae

A

Contains plantae and aquatic protists

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2
Q

Plant characteristics

A

Embryo connected by parent tissue
Alternation of generations: alternate between gametophytes and sporophytes

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3
Q

What species did plants form from?

A

Green algae
Very genetically similar: have protected embryo and waxy cuticle

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4
Q

Evolutionary trends of plants

A

Sporophytes become dominant stage
Gametophyte reduced and dependent on sporophyte

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5
Q

Challenges of plants moving to land

A

Support system
Gamete dispersal
Water-loss

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6
Q

Non-vascular plants

A

Found in moist habitats
Do not have xylem for nutrients

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7
Q

Non vascular plant support system adaptations

A

Limited insupport so they are usually short

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8
Q

Nonvascular plant gamete dispersal

A

Dependent on water
Flagellated sperm swims to egg

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9
Q

Non-vascular adaptation to water loss

A

Waxy cuticle

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10
Q

How is sporophyte nourished in non vascular plants?

A

By gametophyte

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11
Q

Difference between moss and vascular plants?

A

Moss has rhizoids and not roots
Rhizoids are water absorbing cells
Moss has water conducting tissue not xylem

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12
Q

Vascular land plants

A

Have xylem and phloem ( help move water and sucrose)

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13
Q

Lignin

A

Provides structural support in xylem

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14
Q

Gymnosperm adaptations

A

Needles have low surface area to volume ratio to minimize water loss
Avoid desiccation with thick waxy cuticle
Don’t require water for sperm (microsporangia dispersal)

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15
Q

Which cone is on top on conifers?

A

Female

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16
Q

Which cones are on bottom on conifers?

A

Male cones

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17
Q

Advantages of seeds?

A

Protect embryo from desiccation
Carry embryo away from parent
Allow dormancy during bad years

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18
Q

Gymnosperm

A

Naked seed plant
Seed not covered by ovary or fruit
Examples: cycads, ginko, conifers

19
Q

Vascular plant adaptations

A

ligin and xylem provide support
Hydrophobic thick cuticle prevents water loss
True vascular tissue (xylem) transports water

20
Q

Fertilization of horsetails gametes

A

Require water b/c flagellated sperm have to swim to egg

21
Q

Coal

A

Carbon from ferns and horsetails from carniferous period swamp
Coal is fossil fuel

22
Q

How are spores dispersed in ferns?

A

Through wind

23
Q

Pine cones

A

Seeds mature over 2 years
Female cones contain seeds
Male cones contain pollen

24
Q

Seed coat

A

Provide protection of seed

25
Q

Endosperm

A

Located inside seed coat
Contains nutrients and starch

26
Q

Embryo

A

Surrounded by endosperm
Gets nutrients from endosperm

27
Q

Why do long leaf pines need fire to germinate?

A

Fire opens up seed to be able to germinate and get sunlight for development

28
Q

What kind of fire is used for germination?

A

Low intensity, fast moving fire
About every 2 years

29
Q

What happens if the forest goes a long time w/o fire?

A

Underbrush gets built up and big Forrest fires start that kill off trees

30
Q

What is The sister taxa to angiosperm?

A

Gymnosperm

31
Q

Are angiosperm or gymnosperm more dominant?

A

Angiosperm became more dominant after time

32
Q

What was the first angiosperm?

A

Archaefructus ( ancient fruit)

33
Q

Angiosperm

A

“enclosed seed” ovaries around ovules

34
Q

Ovule

A

Contain female gametophytes and if egg is fertilized ovule becomes seed

35
Q

Why are angiosperm dominant today?

A

Flowers and fruits

36
Q

Flowers / petals

A

Attract bugs visually
Petals are visually appealing and attracts pollinators

37
Q

Petals

A

Modified leaves that attract pollinators

38
Q

How are angiosperm gametophytes nourished?

A

By sporophyte

39
Q

Pollinators

A

Transfer pollen from one plant to another
Commonly bugs and birds
Can be attracted to specific colors
Others can be attracted by odors

40
Q

Angiosperm pollination

A

Does not rely on Chance for pollination
It attracts The pollinator using flowers and covers them in pollen
The pollinator goes to another flower and pollen falls off causing cross pollination

41
Q

How is pollination symbiotic mutualism?

A

Pollinator gets food
Plants get cross pollination

42
Q

Fruit

A

The sweetness/tastiness of fruit attracts things to eat them

43
Q

How are fruit seeds dispersed?

A

The seed goes through digestive system
The seeds are protected by the seed coat
The seeds come out in feces and germinates

44
Q

Artificial selection in fruit

A

Fruits are selected for breeding and we end up having bigger fruits than what is naturally found

Bio 102 (4 decks)

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