Protiens - Their Function And Uses Flashcards
What do proteins act as?
Structural components of tissues such as muscles
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts
What to catalysts do?
They increase the rate of chemical reactions
What are biological catalysts called?
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
Proteins
What is vital for the enzyme’s function?
It shape
What may change the shape of the enzyme?
High temperature
What pH values do enzymes work best in?
Different enzymes work best at different pH values
Some enzymes work…..
Outside the body cells
What to digestive enzymes do?
They pare produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut. The enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut where they come in contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
Where is the enzyme amylase produced and what does it do?
It is produced I’m the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine. This enzyme catalysed the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
Where is the protease enzyme produce and what does it do?
It is produced by the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine. These enzymes catalyse the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
Where is lipase enzymes produced and what do they do?
They are produced but eh pancreas and small intestine. These enzymes catalyse the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) onto fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine
What acid does the stomach produce and why?
It produces hydrochloric acid. The enzymes in the stomach work most effectively in these conditions
What does the liver produce and what function does it have?
It produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine. Bile neutralises the acid that was added to food in stomach. This provides alkaline conditions in which enzymes in the small intestine work best in
Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These have many uses in the home, what are they?
Biological detergents may contain protein-digesting and fat-digesting enzymes (protease sand lipases
Biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than other types of detergents
Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These have many uses in industry, what are they?
Protease are used to ‘pre-digest’ the protein in some baby foods
Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into sugar syrup
Isomerise is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup, which is much sweeter and therefore can be used in smaller quantities in slimming foods
In what way are enzymes used in industry?
They are used to bring about reactions at normal temperatures and pressures that would otherwise require expensive, energy-demanding equipment.
However, most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures and many are costly to produce
What are protein molecules made of?
They are made up of long chains of amino acids. These long chains are folded to produce a specific shape that enables other molecules to fit into the protein
Describe in detail what happens to food as it passes through the digestive system
The insoluble food is mixed with digestive juices produced by glands. It is digested in the stomach and small intestine. Bile produced by the liver is added to the food to help digestion. Absorb prion of the soluble food takes place in the small intestine. Water is absorbed by the large intestine
