Protiens Flashcards
What is transcription
Unwinds and unlinks the two strands of DNA. Uses one of the DNA strands as a guide or template. Matches new nucleotides with their complements on the DNA strand (G with C, A with U – remember that RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T))
What are the steps how proteins are made
Transcription and translation
What is translation
The RNA copy is moved to the ribosome. Every set of three RNA bases in a row control which amino acid is to be added to a growing protein molecule. A special three base code (usually ATG) tells the ribosome where the instructions on how to make the protein begin in the sequence. The copy of the DNA chain passes through this protein making machinery like a tape through a tape player. The ribosome, however, produces protein instead of sound!
What is a codon
A codon is the a group of three bases which connect with a anticodon
What is an anticodon
An anticodon is what attaches to a codon. An anticodon is attached to a tRNA which has an amino acid on it
What is a amino acid
An amino acid is what makes up a protein, there are millions of amino acids in proteins
What is mRNA
mRNA is Messenger RNA (mRNA), molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes).
What is tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA), small molecule in cells that carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes, where they are linked into proteins.
What are the three types of mutations
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
What is substitution
A base pair is replaced
Insertion
A base pair is added
Deletion
A base pair is removed
Mutagen
A chemical or physical agent in DNA can cause mutations
What causes sickle disease
Substitution
Mutagen
Any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA is called a mutagen. Examples of mutagens include high-energy radiation from X rays and ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is one type of energy in sunlight. It is responsible for suntans and sunburns. Other mutagens include asbestos and the chemicals in cigarette smoke.
