Protien Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what coding DNA is

A

Part of a gene that codes for an mRNA codon that is read to make a specific amino acid.

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2
Q

What is protein synthesis?

A

The process of producing proteins from instructions in coding sections of DNA, the proteins are joined by peptide bonds to form polypeptides

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3
Q

What is transcription?

A

The synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA) using coding DNA. The antisense strand is the one that is copied.

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4
Q

What is the first step in transcription?

A

(Template strand is used)
- RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region after transcription starts
- RNA polymerase joins the complementary nucleotides
- DNA continues to unwind by the action of the RNA polymerase

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5
Q

What is the second step of transcription?

A

Moving in the 5’ 3’ direction, RNA ads nucleotides appropriatley (mRNA is added in 5’ to 3’ direction)

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6
Q

What is the third step of transcription?

A
  • DNA bases are read in triplets, and the complementary mRNA triplets are called codons
  • Process continues until the pre-mRNA gets releases with termination signal
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7
Q

What is the fourth step of transcription?

A
  • Pre-mRNA consists of introns and exons, introns are removed (sections of non-coding DNA) and exons are joined to create mature mRNA
    -The mature mRNA exits the nucleus via nuclear pore
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8
Q

What is tRNA?

A

(Transfer RNA) because its job is to bring the amino acid to the ribosome to build the protiens.

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9
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

What is translation?

A

Synthesis of polypeptides using the info in mRNA. RNA nucleotide code is translated into an ammino acid sequence

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11
Q

What is the first step of translation?

A

Initiation
- Ribosome binds to the mRNA strand

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12
Q

What is the second step of translation?

A

Elongation
- The start codon (usually AUG) signals for the corresponding tRNA with the complementary anticodon to arrive

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13
Q

What is the third step of translation?

A

Elongation (continues)
- Elongation process continues signalling for more tRNA according to the order of codons
- As each codon moves through the ribosome the ammino acid is added to a polypeptide chain and the tRNA is removed

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14
Q

What is the fourth step of translation?

A

Termination
- When a stop signal is received elongation stops
- Chain of ammino acids is released from the ribosome
- Ribosome seperated from mRNA

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15
Q

What occurs to the polypeptide chain after translation?

A

Folds to form a protein or joins with another polypeptide to fold and become a 3d protein ready to perform a function

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16
Q

Which DNA strand is copied in transcription?

A

Antisense strand