Infectious Disease Flashcards
What is a disease?
Any condition that interferes with how an organism, or any part of it functions
Define pathogen
A disease causing agent that:
- Evade a hosts immune system
- Stick to/evade specific cells
- Produce toxins
Define infectious
Caused by a pathogen, is communicabe
What are genetic diseases?
Caused by mutations and can be inherited from parents
What are autoimmune diseases?
Caused by immune system targeting its own self tissues
Define pathogenicity
The potential disease causing capacity
Draw a graph showing the infection period of a disease, with appearence of symptoms over time
What are the 4 classifications of diseases?
- Infectious diseases
- Non-infectious diseases
- Genetic diseases
- Autoimmune diseases
What are 4 pathogen groups?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
Name 5 structural features of bacteria
- They are single celled prokaryotes
- Contan plasmids and ribosomes
- Cell walls made up of sugars & ammino acids
- Some have a bacterial capsule, makes inner bacteria more resistant to attack from immune system
- Some have flagellum
Draw and label a diagram of bacteria
How is bacteria classified?
Their shape and how they cluster together
How does bacteria reproduce? Explain the steps.
Binary fission:
1. Prior, chromosome is tightly coiled
2. Chromosome uncoils & replicates, plasmids seperate
3. Original and replicate chromosomes are pulled to seperate poles
4. New cell wall starts to grow, cleavage furrow develops
5. Cell wall fully develops
6. Cells seperate
What are 3 properties that bacteria can have that make them pathogenic
- Can produce toxins, usually metabolic wastes that damage hosts tissues or interfer with hosts immune system
- Some bacteria have endospores, dormant tough non reproductive structures
What does zootonic mean?
That a disease can be transmitted between different vertebrates
Name the 4 classifications of bacteria
- Coccus (spherical)
- Bacillus (rod shaped)
- Spiral
- Vibrio (comma shaped)
What are 2 diseases caused by bacteria?
- Tuberculosis
- Crown gall of plants
Discuss the crown gall of plants disease (cause, transmission, life cycle, symptoms and cures/management)
- Caused by bacteria
- Indirect transmission, soil borne and fomite
- Enters host via a wound, inserting a gene from its plasmid into the genome of a host cell inducing the growth of tumor like galls around stem of the plant interupts xylem and phloem bacteria releases into soil
- Growth of tumors, causes wilting
- Remove galls or entire plant, chemical treatment
Discuss tuberculosis disease (cause, transmission, life cycle, symptoms and cures/management)
- Caused by bacteria
- Airborne, inhaled
- One breathed in, inflamitory response send more immune cells to area, immune cells encircle and contain bacteria inside tubercule, tubercule ruptures, bacteria spreads to other parts of the lungs
- Persistant cough, fever, sweats, weight loss
- Antibiotics, quarantine
