Protestant Reformation (change) and Enlightment Flashcards
Who is the main person?
Martin Luther
Year of the Protestant reformation
1520s
What was invented during this time?
Thsi was a significant development in the world because?
Who created it?
The printing press
It allows for the spread of ideas in a rapid form
Johannes Gutenberg
The Refirmation takes place around the same time as the
Renaissance
What was the cause of the Protestant Reformation?
The Roman Catholic Church had grown way too powerful and way too wealthy
They strayed from moral (personal right from wrong) and ethical (social system) standards of the Bible (New Testament)
Simony
The buying and the selling of church positions such as
Pope cardinal bishop and priest
Indulgences
Issued by the pope or local priests or bishop sold to ppl to reduce ppls time in purgatory
What does simony and indulgences point out?
The unetichical nature of Catholicism European chiristaniy
Martin Luther
Year
He was what kind of student
What did he write
1483-1546
Theologian and law student
He wrote the 95 Thesis
What was Martin Luther fed up with
What did people believed at that time
What did Luther believe
The corruption of the Catholic Church
Ppl believed that an individual can receive salvation from their sins as long as they paid the church enough money
He believed that salvation can only come through faith alone
He believes each person can serve gd in his/her ownnway even through living a secular life
He believes that clergy can be married
Who are the three people associated with the reform of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther - The Protestant Reformation (you don’t need a priest to talk to gd you can do that in your own) (change in Christianity begins with him, once change begins ppl jump on that)
John Calvin - Predetermination (basically that everything in the world is meant to be that way, if you’re poor gd meant it for you to be that way)(saw nuns and sinful and corrupt)
Ulrich Zwingli- introduced the reform ideas of Luther in Switzerland
The great schism What year How many pipes did Europe have? And from where? What does this schism cause? Thsi extends where?
Late 1300-1400
2 pipes at the same time 1 from France and one from Rome
Causes chaos confusion and more corruption
Extends into political life of Europe
The Enlightment
Year
Also know as
It was a period of time in ___
Late 1600-mid/late 1700
The Age of Reason
Europe (mostly 1700s) when people began to question old ideas (socially, politically, religiously) to search for knowledge using science and logic and reason
Enlightenment is also known as
It replaces
The Age of Light
The darkness of superstition (religion) and ignorance (dominated by absolute monarchs who believe in the Divine Right of Kings and Queens)
What is the Dicine Right of Kings and Queens
When people believe they should rule because gd chose them
What do writers begin to comment on?
The prior 300-400 years of oppressive “absolutism” (supreme power) and challenge the logic and reasoning of absolute control over people
What is proved to be false? By who?
So what makes a ruler?
Absolutism and the idea of Divine Right is proved by great things to be false
And that the rulers were not justified in their belief because a ruler is only that if they have people that willingly follow them
Most enlightment thinkets believed that
All people had natural rights
The idea of
New thoughts challenging church control of ppls minds comes into question after the Renaissance and the scienctific revolution
Enlightment thinkers what year
Late 1600- early 1800
Thomas Hobbes
What did he write
Drying what
He says what
The Leviathan
The English Civil War
Man are essentially geeky and selfish = they act out of self intrest
John Locke
From where
Writes about what
What’s the purpose of govt and why
From England
Writes about all human beings being born with Natural Rights = life liberty property - rights that no govt can give Or take away - gd given
To protect natural right because govt gets it’s power to rule from “the consent of the governed”
Jean Jacques Rouseeau
What does he write
What’s his main belief
Emile
In a “social contract”
“Everywhere man is in chains”
“Man is born good but society corrupts him”
People enter into a
The purpose is
Therefore what
A social contract with the govt surrending (exchanging) individual rights (to a degree)
For the common hood
The purpose is to empower the social will of the people
Rousseau sees the purpose of govt to be a “necessary evil” in order for it to protect the general will
