Protest and Reaction Topic 2

Question 1

Black power emerged from

Answer 1

a series of riots to protest against high black unemployment, discrimination and poverty

Question 2

Black power meant

Answer 2

black pride, economic self sufficiency, black violence, separatism and black domination

Question 3

Black power salute

Answer 3

mexico olympics 1968, during national anthem, banned from olympic village due to referencing politics

Question 4

CORE and SNCC became

Answer 4

more radical, wanted an isolated black state, wanted to ban white membership

Question 5

The Watts Riots 1965

Answer 5

‘Long live Malcolm X’ set fire to buildings, big impact on MLK, inspired Chicago Campaign

Question 6

The Chicago Campaign 1966

Answer 6

To end de facto segregation in ghettos, many ghetto residents were turning to violence so MLK wanted them to reject radicalism

Question 7

During the Chicago Campaign, MLK and his family became black residents because

Answer 7

they wanted to draw attention to appalling conditions

to show the reporters rat infested apartments

Question 8

Results of Chicago Campaign

Answer 8

Marchers were met with white abuse and violence, after 2 months mayor Daley made an agreement with King but went back on it later

Question 9

Significance of Chicago Campaign

Answer 9

Achieved little, $4 million housing grant, People stopped responding to MLK, Black Power movement took dominance

Question 10

Impact of 1968 MLK assassination

Answer 10

congress forced to pass Fair Housing Act
executive and judicial branches of federal government continued to help blacks
provoked major riots in over 100 cities

Question 11

Malcolm X beliefs

Answer 11

Allah originally created people black
Evil scientist Yakub created other races
Whites ruled the world until Allah ended their supremacy

Question 12

NOI urged

Answer 12

separation of races
black economic independence
development of independent black nation
pride in black culture and history
religious commitment w/out alcohol or sex

Question 13

Impact of NOI 1969

Answer 13

increased divisions between races, contributed to rise of BP movement, less drug addicts and alcohol abusers

Question 14

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 14

BP activist, accepted idea of eventual integration but only when blacks were equal

Question 15

Black panthers founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale 1966

Answer 15

Radical, ‘heirs of Malcolm X’, dissatisfied with the failure of CR group to address police brutality

Question 16

Ghetto problems

Answer 16

poor housing - blacks too poor to move elsewhere
poor quality education - little social mobility
many policemen were racist

Question 17

Malcolm X claimed

Answer 17

the fear he generated amongst whites helped the passage of the civil rights bill

Question 18

Patrol the pigs

Answer 18

Black panthers began to use armed patrols to monitor the police, gov and police began a sustained attack on the party

Question 19

1977 Decline of black panthers

Answer 19

violence lost them both black and white support,
in 1969 27 panthers were killed, 700 injured in police confrontation
leaders were divided over tactics and controversial - serial rapist Eldridge Cleaver

Question 20

Black Panther successes

Answer 20

Free breakfast for school children, free health clinics, ‘liberation of schools’ could teach black history

Question 21

Which 2 landmark acts dismantled the Jim Crow laws in the south?

Answer 21

1964 Civil Rights Act, 1965 Voting Rights Act

Question 22

Reasons Congress was persuaded to pass the 1964 act

Answer 22

> :Activism of civil rights groups and role of King
Sympathy from Northern Whites
LBJs relationship with congress

Question 23

What was the biggest weakness of the 1964 Act?

Answer 23

Only brought de jure change (de facto still slow)did little to help voting

Question 24

What was King’s Selma campaign designed to do?

Answer 24

Highlight issue of disenfranchisement and to force gov and states to facilitate black voting

Question 25

Which riots took place in 1965 which then spread to other cities?

Answer 25

Watts Riots, LA

Question 26

Reasons King organised his Chicago campaign in 1966

Answer 26

Recognition of the continuing de facto discrimination in Northern Ghettos; trying to top urban blacks turning to militancy

Question 27

Which urban campaign followed which aimed to unite many minority groups?

Answer 27

Poor People’s Campaign (united blacks, native americans, Hispanic americns and Appalachian whites)

Question 28

Achievements linked to Malcolm X

Answer 28

Inspired fear amongst whites so helped put pressure to get CRA, highlighted ghetto issues, contributed to black pride, inspired black power

Question 29

Malcolm X’s main criticism of MLK’s NVDA was

Answer 29

that it made blacks powerless

Question 30

Reasons black power developed

Answer 30

response to ghetto problems, police brutality, reaction against NVDA, frustration at slow speed of change

Question 31

Other than Malcolm X, name other individuals

Answer 31

Eldridge Cleaver, Stokely Carmichael, Floyd Mckissick, Huey Newton

Question 32

Achievements of Cesar Chavez and UFW

Answer 32

Worker friendly legislation in California, encouraged Mexican protest, inspired cultural pride