Protest and Reaction Topic 2 Flashcards
Black power emerged from
a series of riots to protest against high black unemployment, discrimination and poverty
Black power meant
black pride, economic self sufficiency, black violence, separatism and black domination
Black power salute
mexico olympics 1968, during national anthem, banned from olympic village due to referencing politics
CORE and SNCC became
more radical, wanted an isolated black state, wanted to ban white membership
The Watts Riots 1965
‘Long live Malcolm X’ set fire to buildings, big impact on MLK, inspired Chicago Campaign
The Chicago Campaign 1966
To end de facto segregation in ghettos, many ghetto residents were turning to violence so MLK wanted them to reject radicalism
During the Chicago Campaign, MLK and his family became black residents because
they wanted to draw attention to appalling conditions
to show the reporters rat infested apartments
Results of Chicago Campaign
Marchers were met with white abuse and violence, after 2 months mayor Daley made an agreement with King but went back on it later
Significance of Chicago Campaign
Achieved little, $4 million housing grant, People stopped responding to MLK, Black Power movement took dominance
Impact of 1968 MLK assassination
congress forced to pass Fair Housing Act
executive and judicial branches of federal government continued to help blacks
provoked major riots in over 100 cities
Malcolm X beliefs
Allah originally created people black
Evil scientist Yakub created other races
Whites ruled the world until Allah ended their supremacy
NOI urged
separation of races black economic independence development of independent black nation pride in black culture and history religious commitment w/out alcohol or sex
Impact of NOI 1969
increased divisions between races, contributed to rise of BP movement, less drug addicts and alcohol abusers
Stokely Carmichael
BP activist, accepted idea of eventual integration but only when blacks were equal
Black panthers founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale 1966
Radical, ‘heirs of Malcolm X’, dissatisfied with the failure of CR group to address police brutality
Ghetto problems
poor housing - blacks too poor to move elsewhere
poor quality education - little social mobility
many policemen were racist
Malcolm X claimed
the fear he generated amongst whites helped the passage of the civil rights bill
Patrol the pigs
Black panthers began to use armed patrols to monitor the police, gov and police began a sustained attack on the party
1977 Decline of black panthers
violence lost them both black and white support,
in 1969 27 panthers were killed, 700 injured in police confrontation
leaders were divided over tactics and controversial - serial rapist Eldridge Cleaver
Black Panther successes
Free breakfast for school children, free health clinics, ‘liberation of schools’ could teach black history
Which 2 landmark acts dismantled the Jim Crow laws in the south?
1964 Civil Rights Act, 1965 Voting Rights Act
Reasons Congress was persuaded to pass the 1964 act
> :Activism of civil rights groups and role of King
Sympathy from Northern Whites
LBJs relationship with congress
What was the biggest weakness of the 1964 Act?
Only brought de jure change (de facto still slow)did little to help voting
What was King’s Selma campaign designed to do?
Highlight issue of disenfranchisement and to force gov and states to facilitate black voting
