Proteins-their functions and uses Flashcards
What have functions, both inside, and outside of cells?
Proteins.
Proteins, as enzymes, are used widely in what industry?
Home goods.
Protein molecules are made up of
long chains of amino acids.
What happens to the amino acids in order for molecules to fit into specific proteins?
They’re folded to shape.
what can ezymes also be used for(in chemical reactions)
Biological catalysts.
Four things proteins can act as
Structures of tissues such as muscle.
Hormones.
Antibodies.
Catalysts.
Catalysts………the rate of reaction.
Increase.
enzymes are also called
proteins.
biological catalysts are called……..and they enable the vast majority of………….in cells
enzymes.
chemical reactions.
what factor is vital for the enyme’s function?
The shape.
Explain what they ‘lock and key mechanism’ is
That molecules being processed must fit well into the right shaped enzyme protein molecule, otherwise it won’t be changed into the product molecule.
What is likely to change the shape of an enzyme?
Temperature.
What is it called when enzymes change shape from their original state?
Denatured.
optimum temperature for enzymes in the human body
37 degrees Celsius.
Where is the enzyme’s ‘active site’?
The area where the substrate molecule slots into the protein molecule.
How does PH effect the enzymes?
They generally work best in neutral environments(PH7) although some work best in acidic or alkaline conditions.
Name a protein that works best in high PH
Trypsin.
Protein that works best in low PH
Pepsin.
Protein that works best in neutral conditions
Carbonic hydrase.
Digestive enzymes are produced by specialist cells in glands in the…
Lining of the gut.
Name three enzymes
Protease, lipase and carbohydrase
Protease breaks down
Protein
Protein is broken down into
Amino acids
Lipase breaks down
Lipids
Lipids are broken down into
Fatty acids and glycerol
Carbohydrase break down
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are broken down into
Sugar
Protease can be used in
Baby food
Too much glucose
Pancreas releases insulin into the blood so that the liver stores glucose as glycogen.
Not enough glucose
Pancreas releases glucagon to break down the glycogen so we can then use it(respiration usually)
What part of the body contains amylase?
The saliva.
What is the job of amylase?
Digests starch into smaller sugars.
What organ produces bile?
The liver.
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder.
Organ that bile is released into
Small intestine
What PH is bile?
High(alkali)
What PH is stomach acid?
Low(acidic)
What protects the lining of our stomach from pepsin and stomach acid?
Mucus
Advantages to using biological detergents
More efficient at removing stains.
Lower washing temperatures can be used, saving energy.
Disadvantages to biological catalysts
If the clothes aren’t fully washed, the enzymes will remain on the skin and digest skin proteins.
Can lead to irritation, allergies and dermatitis.
Isomerise can be used in
Slimming foods.
