Cell division and inheritance.

Question 1

characteristics are passed on from one…..

Answer 1

generation to the next.

Question 2

Organisms that adopt the characteristics of previous generations are

Answer 2

Plants and animals.

Question 3

The scientist that proposed the idea of genetics

Answer 3

Mendel.

Question 4

The capitol letter in a genetics diagram usually represents

Answer 4

The dominant gene.

Question 5

The lower case letter in a genetics diagram usually represents

Answer 5

The recessive gene.

Question 6

Tt is called a

Answer 6

geneotype.

Question 7

What type is the organism if it has the same alleles?

Answer 7

Homozygous.

Question 8

Different alleles?

Answer 8

Hetrozygous.

Question 9

what is the expression for the gene outcome?

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

Two types of cell division

Answer 10

Mitosis and meiosis.

Question 11

Cells that contain the genetic information

Answer 11

Chromosomes.

Question 12

Stages of mitosis

Answer 12

Separate nucleus has elongated strands of DNA. The DNA is copied to form an ‘x’ shape. The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and are pulled apart to make two identical sets. The two sets are enclosed in their own membrane forming two identical cells.

Question 13

What actually occurs in mitosis?

Answer 13

Copies of a cells genetic material is made.

Question 14

Mitosis occurs during…

Answer 14

Growth or to produce replacement cells to replace damaged ones.

Question 15

How many sets of chromosomes do body cells have?

Answer 15

two.

Question 16

How many sets of chromosomes do gamete cells have?

Answer 16

one.

Question 17

Gamete cells are basically

Answer 17

sex cells.

Question 18

Describe meiosis.

Answer 18

You start with a diploid cell(DNA already copied) the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. The pair of chromosomes are pulled apart to form two nuclei in the same cell.The two cells then divide with each HAPLOID cell having a single set of chromosomes form in the 2nd cell division.

Question 19

How many human haploid cells do gamete cells contain?

Answer 19

23.

Question 20

How many chromosomes does the fertilized cell have?

Answer 20

46(23 pairs)

Question 21

Define deffrentiate

Answer 21

When something becomes different in the process of development.

Question 22

Type of cell that can differentiate into many types of cells

Answer 22

Stem cells.

Question 23

Where can stem cells be found?

Answer 23

Bone marrow or in early human embryos.

Question 24

Cells for specific functions(skin, organ tissue etc) are made in the process of…

Answer 24

Differentiation.

Question 25

Why is bone marrow not as effective for stem cell use?

Answer 25

The stem cells inside can only be used for a few specific cell types.

Question 26

three cells bone marrow stem cells produce

Answer 26

red blood cells(carry oxygen around the body), white blood cells(help fight infection) and platelets(help stop bleeding).

Question 27

Stem cells from embryo's can form(two)

Answer 27

New nerve connections and cardiac tissue for people suffering heart disease.

Question 28

Why is stem cell research controversial?

Answer 28

Ethnic issues with using embryo's(potential life). Potential life vs. seriously ill living people. It's allowed in some countries, like the UK, but there's a strict guideline of how it can be carried out.

Question 29

What chromosomes do men have?

Answer 29

An 'X' and a 'Y'.

Question 30

What chromosomes do women have?

Answer 30

Two 'X'.

Question 31

Explain amniocentesis

Answer 31

Parents with the possibility their child will have a disorder(due to recessive or dominant alleles) can have an injection into the womb(foetus) to gather amniotic fluid. The fluid can be tested and checked for disorders. However there's a 1 in 100 chance of miscarriage due to the needle.

Question 32

Explain PGD

Answer 32

Multiple eggs are taken from a woman and fertilised outside her womb. They're checked for mutations and the healthy ones are injected back into the uterus.

Question 33

Sex chromosomes females have

Answer 33

XX

Question 34

Sex chromosomes makes have

Answer 34

XY