Proteins structure

Question 1

proteins are compounds containing what elements

Answer 1

C
H
O
N

Question 2

building blocks protein

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

which 2 groups do all amino acids contain

Answer 3

Amino - NH2/NH3+

Carboxylic Acid - COOH

Question 4

what structurally differentiates each a/a from each other

Answer 4

unique side group

‘r group’

Question 5

smallest a/a

Answer 5

glycine

Question 6

what can glycine cross

Answer 6

BBB

Question 7

body commonly uses 20 a/a for what

Answer 7

polypeptide synthesis

building blocks protein

Question 8

how must a/a supplements be taken

Answer 8

EMPTY STOMACH better absorbed

Question 9

what happens if take A/A supplement while eating high protein food

Answer 9

they will go to build muscle not specific therapeutic

Question 10

beta brainwaves are for what

Answer 10

tense/ fight/flight

Question 11

alpha brainwaves do what

Answer 11

relaxation, mindfulness

Question 12

theta brainwaves do what

Answer 12

light sleep/just waking

Question 13

delta brainwaves do what

Answer 13

deep sleep, dreaming

Question 14

which brainwaves in meditation

Answer 14

alpha

Question 15

what is threonine’s nickname

Answer 15

the ‘now’ a/a - helps alpha

Question 16

dipeptide made up of

Answer 16

2 a/a

Question 17

tripe peptide made up of

Answer 17

3 a/a

Question 18

oligopeptide made up of

Answer 18

several a/a

Question 19

polypeptide made up of

Answer 19

50+ a/a

Question 20

how many a/a in a protein

Answer 20

a few dozen to several hundred

Question 21

2 conditions that could denature proteins

Answer 21

heat

acid

Question 22

what 3 things happen to a denatured protein

Answer 22

uncoiling of structure -
loss of shape
loss of function

Question 23

which bonds break in denatured protein

Answer 23

disulphide

Question 24

what is main solvent of body

Answer 24

water

Question 25

what happens if not enough water in body

Answer 25

impaired chemical reactions | = fatigue

Question 26

7 functions of protein

Answer 26

``` body's building blocks enzymes hormones immunoproteins transport proteins acid base regulators fluid balance regulators ```

Question 27

2 stages of bone building

Answer 27

cells lay a matrix from collagen | then fill with mineral crystals

Question 28

which protein does body use for building itself

Answer 28

collagen

Question 29

Ex of enzymes

Answer 29

digestive enzymes

Question 30

role of enzymes

Answer 30

change substances without being altered themselves | can act as catalysts

Question 31

what type of cofactors do enzymes req

Answer 31

vitamins minerals

Question 32

what if enzymes lack cofactors

Answer 32

will still work but will be impaired -use more energy - fatigue

Question 33

what 3 substances can hormones be derived from

Answer 33

cholesterol a/a polypeptides

Question 34

whats makes thyroid hormones

Answer 34

Tyrosine + Iodine

Question 35

which a/a is the base for: dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine

Answer 35

tyrosine

Question 36

which a/a is base for melatonin

Answer 36

tryptophan

Question 37

what is protein structure of insulin

Answer 37

2 polypeptide chains

Question 38

what is protein structure of glucagon PTH calcitonin

Answer 38

one polypeptide chain

Question 39

if lacking in tyrosine or iodine what could you have

Answer 39

faulty thyroid

Question 40

symptoms of low thyroid

Answer 40

fatigue hair loss weight gain feel cold

Question 41

what happens to immunity if low protein

Answer 41

compromised

Question 42

2 types immunoproteins

Answer 42

immunoglobulins | antibodies

Question 43

ex immunoglobulin

Answer 43

GAMED

Question 44

which cells produce immunoglobulins

Answer 44

plasma cells | lymphocytes

Question 45

which cells produce antibodies

Answer 45

B cells

Question 46

what are the messengers of the innate immune system

Answer 46

cytokines

Question 47

role of T reg cells in acquired immunity

Answer 47

help end immune response/prevent harmful reactions occuring

Question 48

other term for acquired/adaptive immunity

Answer 48

humoral

Question 49

which type of immunity uses antibodies

Answer 49

acquired/immunity

Question 50

other type immunity

Answer 50

innate

Question 51

what do transport proteins do

Answer 51

combine with other substances in blood or cells to provide a mode of transport

Question 52

what transports calcium, zinc, vitamin B6

Answer 52

albumin

Question 53

what transports bit A

Answer 53

retinol binding protein

Question 54

what transports )2

Answer 54

Hemoproteins

Question 55

what transports iron

Answer 55

transferrin

Question 56

what transports copper

Answer 56

ceruloplasmin

Question 57

how electrically do proteins act as acid-base regulators

Answer 57

PROTEINS - attract HYDROGEN+

Question 58

proteins maintain acid-base balance in body fluids by

Answer 58

accepting/releasing H+

Question 59

what do proteins attract that helps them regulate fluid balance

Answer 59

water

Question 60

what happens if plasma proteins leak out of capillary walls faster than they can be reabsorbed

Answer 60

fluid collects in tissues | oedema

Question 61

3 protein-related causes of oedema

Answer 61

excessive protein losses - kidney disease/large wounds liver disease - inadequate protein synthesis inadequate dietary intake

Question 62

what are conjugated proteins

Answer 62

proteins joined to non-protein components

Question 63

2 ex conjugated proteins

Answer 63

glycoproteins | proteoglycans

Question 64

what are glycoproteins

Answer 64

proteins bound to carbohydrates

Question 65

3 ex glycoproteins

Answer 65

collagen elastin bone matrix

Question 66

where are proteoglycans found

Answer 66

hyaluronic acid chondroitin sulphate keratin sulphate

Question 67

is nitrogen in protein and fat

Answer 67

no just protein

Question 68

cells synthesise proteins according to what

Answer 68

genetic info provided by DNA in nucleus of each cell

Question 69

in protein synthesis DNA dictates the order of what

Answer 69

which a/a linked together to form given protein

Question 70

what is protein turnover

Answer 70

within each cell, proteins continually being made/broken down

Question 71

when proteins break down they free...

Answer 71

amino acids to join the general circulation

Question 72

what 2 types make up amino acid pool

Answer 72

diet derived a/as | a/a's freed during protein turnover

Question 73

when energy & protein intake exceeds need, a/a may make what in body

Answer 73

fat

Question 74

what is process of storing a/a as fat

Answer 74

deaminated - nitrogen excreted remaining C fragments converted to fat & stored

Question 75

where do we excrete nitrogen

Answer 75

urea cycle